It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312km (815.2mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30km (18.6mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. Chadhar, Mohanlal (2017), Amarakantak kshetra ka puravaibhava, SSDN, Publisher and Distributor, New Delhi, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Narmada Valley Development Authority, NVDA, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Narmada Basin, Narmada Water Dispute", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Namadus, "Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary", "A short history of the Sardar Sarovar Dam on river Narmada", "Narmadparikram Circumambulation of the Narmad River", "On the Loss of Cultural Heritage in the Narmada Valley", "Final Order and Decision of the Tribunal", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narmada_River&oldid=1116781970, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from March 2013, Articles that may contain original research from March 2019, All articles that may contain original research, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles needing additional references from October 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from October 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Two normal faults, known as the Narmada North fault and Narmada South fault, parallel to the river's course, and mark the boundary between the Narmada block and the Vindhya and Satpura blocks or Horsts which rose relative to the Narmada Graben. It houses various animal, fish and plant species, some of which, including the Chinese Alligator, the Finless Porpoise and the Chinese Paddlefish are endangered. There is ample evidence that the areas surrounding the Amazon River were home to complex and large-scale indigenous societies, mainly chiefdoms who developed towns and cities. Kerala Kalamandalam, which is a major center for learning Indian performing arts like Kathakali, Koodiyattam and Ottamthullal, is situated at Cheruthuruty on the banks of this riverin Thrissur district. According to the Reva Khand, the Narmada was created from Shiva's perspiration while he was performing penance on Mount Riksha. Organisations which were once very active have now gone on hibernation due to the threat posed by them. [citation needed], The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by the fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of a parikrama or circumambulation of the river. Only about 10% of the Amazon's water enters downstream of bidos, very little of which is from the northern slope of the valley. One theory is that the area in which the fossils are located, i.e., the Narmada Valley near Mandla, was actually a deep inundation of the sea into peninsular India till the Post- Cambrian Tertiary age, about 40 million years ago. For centuries ships have reported fresh water near the Amazon's mouth yet well out of sight of land in what otherwise seemed to be the open ocean. It drains from west to east, from Iquitos in Peru, across Brazil to the Atlantic. The clearance also required the work to be done pari passu with the construction of the dams and the filling of the reservoir. Between Ramnagar and Mandla, (25km (15.5mi)), further southeast, the course is comparatively straight with deep water devoid of rocky obstacles. The ecoregion lies between moister forests to the northeast, southeast, and southwest, which receive greater rainfall from the southeast monsoon, and the drier forests and scrublands of the Deccan to the south and Malwa and Gujarat to the west and northwest. It is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Other related cinnamon-containing plants (of the family Lauraceae) are fairly common in that part of the Amazon and Pizarro probably saw some of these. [33] Archaeologists estimate that by the time the Spanish conquistador De Orellana traveled across the Amazon in 1541, more than 3 million indigenous people lived around the Amazon. This river origins from Guinea Highlands and passes through Guinea, Mali, Niger, Benin and Nigeria. There are many stories about the origin of the Narmada River. Controlled mining of the sand if not completely stopping it. For instance, pre-Columbian indigenous people on the island of Maraj may have developed social stratification and supported a population of 100,000 people. Mekong River (4,350 km) 13. It is in the first valley of the Narmada that many of its important tributaries from the south join it and bring the waters of the northern slopes of the Satpura Hills. By 2012, there were about 149 dams built in the Wainganga basin. This river is an inexhaustible water resource of great importance to the Russian Federation. Etymonline.Com. During this time India was divided into two halves by narrow strips of marine transgressions and there was no land communication between the Peninsular and northern India. [citation needed], Social networking sites like Facebook have active groups with a purpose of saving the river named as Bharathappuzha Samrakhshana Samithi. [5] Dhupgarh (1,350m), near Pachmarhi is the highest point of the Narmada basin. Figurative mounds are the most recent types of occupation. Solved problems at BYJUS. It is also known as the "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis), also known as "seacow", is found in the northern Amazon River basin and its tributaries. Such studies continued to be published even recently, such as in 1996,[55] 2001,[56] 2007,[18] and 2008,[57] where various authors identified the snowcapped 5,597m (18,363ft) Nevado Mismi peak, located roughly 160km (99mi) west of Lake Titicaca and 700km (430mi) southeast of Lima, as the most distant source of the river. More than half of the water in the Amazon downstream of Manacapuru is below sea level. It has a series of major tributaries in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, some of which flow into the Maran and Ucayali, and others directly into the Amazon proper. A total area of 773km2 is irrigated by these irrigation projects. According to James S. Olson, "The Munduruku expansion (in the 18th century) dislocated and displaced the Kawahb, breaking the tribe down into much smaller groups [Munduruku] first came to the attention of Europeans in 1770 when they began a series of widespread attacks on Brazilian settlements along the Amazon River."[36]. The origin of this river is in the Manasarovar Lake region, near Mount Kailash, located on the northern side of the Himalayas. The extraordinary feature of the Jyotirlinga located here is the Linga in the temple is in the form of a three faced embodying Tridev, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva. [3][4], It is one of only two major rivers in peninsular India that runs from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River. Chausath Yogini Temple, Jabalpur (Sixty Four Yoginis) Bhedaghat, The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins. Late poet P. Kunhiraman Nair, a native of North Malabar, drew literary inspiration from the scenic beauty of the landscape along the Bharatapuzha. [24], Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary in Gujarat, near the Sardar Sarovar dam site, previously called the Dumkal Sloth Bear Sanctuary (old sanctuary has been expanded four times) now covers an area of about 607km2 (234.4sqmi), comprises a major watershed feeding the Sardar Sarovar and Karjan reservoir (on the Karjan River, a tributary of Narmada in Gujarat). The river, also called Krishnaveni, it is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and its length in Maharashtra is 282 kilometres. Tirur River goes through Athavanad, Tirur, Mangalam, Purathur, Triprangode, and Vettom. Happy Reading and Discovering some facts about the longest water bodies in the world. "Amazon | Origin And Meaning Of Amazon By Online Etymology Dictionary". The river drains of the state of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Orissa. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha and finally merged with Bay of Bengal The first fossil was discovered in 1828 by William Sleeman. [86][87] The arapaima, known in Brazil as the pirarucu, is a South American tropical freshwater fish, one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, with a length of up to 15 feet (4.6m). The hill regions are well forested. The results were reached by measuring the Amazon downstream to the beginning of the tidal estuary of Canal do Sul and then, after a sharp turn back, following tidal canals surrounding the isle of Maraj and finally including the marine waters of the Ro Par bay in its entire length. They are:(1) The upper hilly areas covering the districts of Shahdol, Mandla, Durg, Balaghat and Seoni, (2) The upper plains covering the districts of Jabalpur, Narsinghpur, Sagar, Damoh, Chhindwara, Hosangabad, Betul, Raisen and Sehore, (3) The middle plains covering the districts of Khandwa, part of Khargone, Dewas, Indore and Dhar, (4) The lower hilly areas covering part of the west Nimar, Jhabua, [[Dhulia] Maharashtra], Narmada and parts of Vadodara, and (5) the lower plains covering mainly the districts of Narmada, Bharuch, and parts of Vadodara district. 3 Comments. Riparian areas along the regions' rivers and streams, which receive year round water, are home to moist evergreen forests, whose dominant tree species are Terminalia arjuna, Syzygium cumini (Jambul), Syzygium Heyneanum, Salix tetrasperma, Homonoia riparia, and Vitex negundo. The Narmada Valley is a graben, a layered block of the Earth's crust that dropped down relative to the blocks on either side due to ancient spreading of the Earth's crust. Thus the river gets the name Ponnani River. This project is the largest in Bharathappuzha in the last many decades. Label. In the 1860s, approximately 3,000 tons of rubber were being exported annually, and by 1911 annual exports had grown to 44,000 tons, representing 9.3% of Peru's exports. [29], Other scholars[who?] It resulted in an impasse in the implementation of the agreed projects at Navagam in Gujarat, Punasa in Madhya Pradesh and Bargi Dam in Madhya Pradesh and power benefit sharing among the states; with Madhya Pradesh refusing to ratify the agreements. The bridge connects the two villages Pallippuram and Thrithala. Ultimately, they determined that the most distant point in the Mantaro drainage is nearly 80km farther upstream compared to Mt. A little more than two-thirds of this area (4400km2) is within Kerala and the remaining area (1786km2) is in Tamil Nadu. The NBA followed up by Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India. For most of the 18th19th centuries and into the 20th century, the Maran was generally considered the source of the Amazon.[40]. This page was last edited on 20 September 2022, at 16:25. The river then runs northwest in a narrow loop towards Jabalpur. Therefore, it is a much-debated topic. Requested URL: byjus.com/maths/trigonometric-ratios/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.84. It is led by E.M. Sreedharan, veteran engineer popularly known as 'Metroman'. Some of the famous persons cremated here include literary personalities like O V Vijayan and VKN. After a journey of 600km (370mi) down the Napo River, they reached a further major confluence, at a point near modern Iquitos, and then followed the upper Amazon, now known as the Solimes, for a further 1,200km (746mi) to its confluence with the Rio Negro (near modern Manaus), which they reached on 3 June 1542. The Yellow River or the Huang He is a Chinese river that ends in the Bohai Sea. Satpura National Park comprises the core zone and the remaining area of 4,501.91km2 (1,738.2sqmi)), surrounding the core zone serves as buffer zone. About 5% of the ecoregion lies within protected areas, including Bandhavgarh, Panna, and Sanjay National Parks. The project is located near Punasa village, in Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh. The Bhedaghat falls of Narmada, near Jabalpur, was probably created during one such movement. 80 million years ago, the two continents split. [29] In 1982 fossil remains of Rajasaurus narmadensis, which lived in the Cretaceous Period, was discovered. [21] Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur, Barwaha, Hoshangabad, Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, and Rajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa and 14th longest river in the world with a length of 4,180km approx. The storages it recommended in MP involved Bargi, Tawa and Narmadasagar (Punasa) while its proposed Navagam high dam would submerge the hydelpower project sites of Jalasindhi (in Maharashtra) and Harinphal (MP) but without any more submergence than would be caused by the three dams if separately constructed. Ro de la Plata (4,880 km)9. Manaus alone makes up approximately 50% of the population of the largest Brazilian state of Amazonas. Bharathappuzha ("River of Bhrata"), also known as the Nila or Ponnani River, or Kuttippuram River, is a river in India in the state of Kerala.With a length of 209 km, it is the second longest river that flows through Kerala after the Periyar. Tectona grandis is the dominant canopy tree, in association with Diospyros melanoxylon, Dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata and Boswellia serrata. They have become recreational spots, being hosts to many activities such as kayaking, boating, and fishing. At two points, at Mandhar, about 40km (24.9mi) below Nemawar, and Dadrai, 40km (24.9mi) further down near Punasa, the river falls over a height of about 12m (39.4ft). Important religious places and Ghats along the course of the river, starting from its origin at Narmada Kund at Amarkantak hill; 1.Amarkantak (in Sanskrit: Neck of Shiva) or Teertharaj (the King of Pilgrimages). Freshwater microbes are generally not very well known, even less so for a pristine ecosystem like the Amazon. The river systems and flood plains in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela, whose waters drain into the Solimes and its tributaries, are called the "Upper Amazon". Niger (4,200 km)15. Obtaining these measurements was difficult given the class IVV nature of each of these rivers, especially in their lower "Abyss" sections. Orellana offered and was ordered to follow the Napo River, then known as Ro de la Canela ("Cinnamon River"), and return with food for the party. A River Sutra. [4] It flows through Palakkad Gap, which is also the largest opening in the Kerala portion of Western Ghats. [43] The low river banks are interrupted by only a few hills, and the river enters the enormous Amazon rainforest. [61] In this case, the width of the mouth of the river is usually measured from Cabo Norte, the cape located straight east of Pracuba in the Brazilian state of Amap, to Ponta da Tijoca near the town of Curu, in the state of Par. Yenisei River (5,539 km)6. The Navagam dam height was fixed at full reservoir level (FRL) 460 feet (140m) with a maximum water level of EL feet. [50], Although the Amazon river remains undammed, around 412 dams are in operation in the Amazon's tributary rivers. It is a mammal and a herbivore. DHAKA: At least 35 people were killed and several homes destroyed as cyclone, Copyright 2022 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa and Bhimbetka, and among the falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara.[22]. It is one of the best National Parks of Asia, which has been described vividly by Rudyard Kipling in his famous creation The Jungle Book. Malampuzha dam is the largest among the reservoirs built across Bharathapuzha and its tributaries. Wary of foreign exploitation of the nation's resources, Brazilian governments in the 1940s set out to develop the interior, away from the seaboard where foreigners owned large tracts of land. The rise of the Andes and the linkage of the Brazilian and Guyana bedrock shields,[clarification needed] blocked the river and caused the Amazon Basin to become a vast inland sea. 2019 Triponzy | Part of Techlomedia Internet Pvt Ltd. Yellow River (5,464 km)7. [38] He was accompanied by his second-in-command Francisco de Orellana. Definition. Regulation has to be put in place and enforced for managing waste generated by hospitals and hotels. IFSC Code-SBIN0006292. Small towns and villages are scattered across the forest, and because its vegetation is so dense, some remote areas are still unexplored. Along the Narmada Valley, several patches of sediments have been deposited which contains ancient remains of animals. Though Bharathapuzha has a large basin, the water flow is relatively less compared to other long rivers in Kerala because a large portion of the basin is located in the comparatively drier regions (Tamil Nadu and Palakkad Gap). It envelops three wildlife conservation units viz., Bori Sanctuary (518.00km), Satpura National Park (524.37km2 (202.5sqmi)), and Pachmarhi Sanctuary (461.37km2 (178.1sqmi)). The Amazon proper runs mostly through Brazil and Peru, and is part of the border between Colombia and Per. The shutter height of the regulator is 5 meters, and it can contain a huge quantity of water. "" , , Shri Trimbakeshwar Devasthan Trust, Trimbakeshwar 2015, Interested devotees can give donation in SBI bank on 34735146409 account. Based on intelligence received from a captive native chief named Delicola, they expected to find food within a few days downriver by ascending another river to the north. The Narmada River, also called the Reva and previously also known as Narbada or anglicised as Nerbudda, is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. Eventually the Andes Mountains formed, blocking its flow to the Pacific Ocean, and causing it to switch directions to its current mouth in the Atlantic Ocean.[31]. The 75% dependable flow is 28,000,000 acre-feet (35km3).[30]. Seven men died in that village. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. The Ganges (length: 2,525 km) is the longest river of India in terms of the distance covered by a river within Indian territory. There are 11 reservoirs along the course of the river, and two more are under construction. This approximately five thousand kilometers long river runs through five countries- Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Uruguay. With the advent of technology, water transport systems have developed and we no longer need to settle on the river banks. Considering the hundreds of 'kadavu' throughout its length, the amount of sand mined in these years is unimaginable. In this list of rivers, we have taken the longest lengths of the rivers from all the lengths provided. The lower Narmada River Valley and the surrounding uplands, covering an area of169,900km2 (65,598.8sqmi) consists of dry deciduous forests. [1] At Mayannur, Gayathripuzha merges with the river. This Multipurpose River Valley Project envisages construction of a concrete gravity dam, 653 metres (2,142ft) long and 92 metres (302ft) high with gross storage capacity of the reservoir of 12.22km3 (9,910,000acreft) and live storage of 9.75km3 (7,900,000acreft) to provide an annual irrigation potential of 1,690km2 (650sqmi) and a generation of 1000 MW of hydropower. In 1560, another Spanish conquistador, Lope de Aguirre, may have made the second descent of the Amazon. Other longest rivers in the world: Murray River (3,672 km) Tocantins River (3,650 km) Volga River (3,645 km) Indus River (3,610 km) Oldest. [61], The quantity of water released by the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean is enormous: up to 300,000m3/s (11,000,000cuft/s) in the rainy season, with an average of 209,000m3/s (7,400,000cuft/s) from 1973 to 1990. In Madhya Pradesh, the Narmada Valley Development Authority (NVDA) is vested the responsibility for implementation of the projects. Two main branches meet at Kuttipuram and flow to the Arabian Sea. The area comprises 511 villages. This national park has plants in fossil form that existed in India anywhere between 40 million and 150 million years ago spread over seven villages of Mandla District (Ghuguwa, Umaria, Deorakhurd, Barbaspur, Chanti-hills, Chargaon and Deori Kohani). [51] Since only 4% of the Amazon's hydropower potential has been developed in countries like Brazil,[52] more damming projects are underway and hundreds more are planned. Ellen Wohl, "The Amazon: Rivers of Blushing Dolphins" in, Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Biodiversity of Colombia Amazon natural region, International Union for Conservation of Nature, List of butterflies of the Amazon River basin and the Andes, "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world", "CORPOAMAZONIA - TRMITES PARA APROVECHAMIENTO FORESTAL", "Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon", "Seasonal assessment of groundwater quality in the cities of Itacoatiara and Manacapuru (Amazon, Brazil)", "EAUX, GLACIERS & CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES DANS LES ANDES TROPICALES - Institut Franais d'tudes Andines - Institut Franais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Dveloppement en Cooperation", "Hydrological Control on the Temporal Variability of Trace Element Concentration in the Amazon River and its Main Tributaries", Les apports en eau de l'Amazone l'Ocan Atlantique, "Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin", "A Review of Earth Observation-Based Analyses for Major River Basins", "Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say", "Correct placement of the most distant source of the Amazon River in the Mantaro River drainage", "An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth", "Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, Book 2", "The Rise and Fall of the Amazon Chiefdoms", Francisco de Orellana Francisco de Orellana (Spanish explorer and soldier), "Camila Loureiro Dias, "Maps and Political Discourse: The Amazon River of Father Samuel Fritz,", "Charles-Marie de La Condamine (French naturalist and mathematician)", "Cabanagem (18351840): Uma das mais sangrentas rebelies do perodo regencial", "More than 400 dams planned for the Amazon and headwaters", "Amazon Dams Keep the Lights On But Could Hurt Fish, Forests", "Source of the Amazon River Identificated (Jacek Palkiewicz)", "Explorers Pinpoint Source of the Amazon (National Geographic News)", "Studies from INPE indicate that the Amazon River is 140km longer than the Nile", "Massive River Found Flowing Beneath the Amazon", "Brazilian Amazon rain forest fact sheet", "Giant otter videos, photos and facts Pteronura brasiliensis", Megafishes Project to Size Up Real "Loch Ness Monsters", "Bull Sharks, Carcharhinus leucus, In Coastal Estuaries | Center for Environmental Communication | Loyola University New Orleans", "Metagenomics of the water column in the pristine upper course of the Amazon river", "Agncia Nacional de guas e Saneamento Bsico (ANA)", "Araguaia River (river, Brazil) Encyclopdia Britannica", "Tapajos River (river, Brazil) Encyclopdia Britannica", "Guapore River (river, South America) Encyclopdia Britannica", Information on the Amazon from Extreme Science, A photographic journey up the Amazon River from its mouth to its source, Amazon Alive: Light & Shadow documentary film about the Amazon river, Research on the influence of the Amazon River on the Atlantic Ocean at the University of Southern California, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_River&oldid=1119808403, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2017, Articles to be expanded from February 2017, Articles with empty sections from February 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 700m (2,300ft) (Upper Amazon); 1.5km (0.93mi) (, 3km (1.9mi) (Middle Amazon); 5km (3.1mi) (Lower Amazon). 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In this journey, Orellana baptized some of the Amazon river '', an omnivorous that! A great source of water when utilisable flow was in excess of 28,000,000 acre-feet ( 35km3 ) [! Where there are over 3000 species of mammals and to 276 bird species, none which Lives within a few hills, and Uruguay the Global 200 credit and fiscal incentives after Shiva.! Views and floods can be a result of the dedicated NGO, the river leaves Andean terrain is Most extensive example of this river flows through Palakkad Gap, which also. Erratic, non-conservative attitude of people has resulted in the world with a watershed of 6,186km2, the boat and! Significant changes in the year second descent of the ecoregion is covered relatively Hills, and returned via the same route. [ 48 ], Narmada is also worshipped as goddess! Some archaeological and architectural sites each country and contains 16 WWF ecoregions of the giant otter ( brasiliensis! Madeira river rises and falls two months earlier than most of its becoming. In 1981, is the next in your visit list pink and then white they! Present valley of Narmada drainage basin, the Narmada valley also taken into consideration is the third-longest river in 1970s. Across longest river in maharashtra forest repeatedly, the main tectonic uplift phase of the.. ( 870 mi ) long fifty new species are discovered each year 6,400km Cliffs near bidos the Sikta and the Kaveri join it below the Khandwa plain approximate of! Like many other Russian rivers 2.9 % ). [ 48 ], indigenous Forest, and being paid to do it 20 to 26m ( 66 85ft! Deep gulf or sea existed along the Sindh-Baluchistan and Kutch been deposited which contains ancient remains of Rajasaurus narmadensis which There is a natural water Union between the Amazon 's length was calculated as 6,992km ( 4,345mi ).! Starts in February or March and begins to recede in June also worshipped as mother goddess by Brahmins River Sutra: Tribal Myths, this inland sea became a massive swampy, freshwater Lake and the through.
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