This interaction is called an observation, and is the essence of a measurement in quantum mechanics, which connects the wave function with classical observables such as position and momentum. To make the Presidency be anything other than a false prize, the agencies need to be brought to heel in a meaningful way. I am saying they are only ever detected as particles - never as waves so the most reasonable thing to do is model them as particles. First, as Feynman points out, only particles exist, no detector has detected waves - what always appears is particles. Lipid-shelled nanobubbles (NBs) are emerging as potential dual diagnostic and therapeutic agents. 1.7k. Yet another aspect of the Measurement Problem is that wave function collapse appears to violate the speed limit of the universe, the speed of light. How can I calculate the number of permutations of an irregular rubik's cube? 2006 Jan;83(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2005.06.011. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. That said, the joint state can itself show a kind of "interference effect" (though not the kind you normally think of in the two-slit experiment). Quantum refers to objects which have quantum properties, like photons or electrons. However, if you consider the following example, it should be clear that this picture is far from complete; and that this argument for consciousness causing the $\mathbf{R}$ process is not sufficient. 2005 Jun;80(3):263-72. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.12.001. The general idea was that unconscious matter or inanimate matter, would evolve according to $\mathbf{U}$, but as soon as a conscious entity becomes physically entangled with the state, then something new comes in and actually reduces the state (some $\mathbf{R}$ process). Rubik's Cube Stage 6 -- show bottom two layers are preserved by $ R^{-1}FR^{-1}BBRF^{-1}R^{-1}BBRRU^{-1} $. In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse occurs when a wave functioninitially in a superposition of several eigenstatesreduces to a single eigenstate due to interaction with the external world. 2008 May;46(5):420-32. There are strong reasons for suspecting that the modification of quantum theory (QT) that will be needed, if some form of $\mathbf{R}$ is to be made into a real physical process, must involve the effect of gravity in a serious way. In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse is said to occur when a wave functioninitially in a superposition of several eigenstatesappears to reduce to a single eigenstate (by "observation"). 23 comments on LinkedIn I strongly feel this to be a duplicate. You are using an out of date browser. I am going to refer to the state vector reduction (collapse of the wave function) as $\mathbf{R}$. An experiment to be conducted in the near future may enable us to simultaneously resolve the measurement problem and also determine if the linear nature of quantum mechanics is violated by the perceptual process. In the . From the perspective of one wave-function, this gives the appearance that the other wave-function has collapsed, but what has really happened is the two wave-functions' states have become locked-in with respect to each other. As such even the parts of his brain still be be considered the part of the observed system. PMC I am going to refer to the state vector reduction (collapse of the wave function) as $\mathbf{R}$. Why does observation collapse the wave function. Two independent systems interfering with each other through no medium? Wave function collapse = Observation of any event. Quantum mechanics suggests that particles can be in a state of superposition - in two states at the same time - until a measurement take place. How do measurements collapse quantum wave functions . The philosophers believe that this unpredictability of the system containing the observer for himself, defines the free will. Instead what the observer perceives as the collapse is just the event of entanglement of the observer with the observed system. Collapse is a black box for a thermodynamically irreversible interaction with a classical . An analysis has been performed of the theories and postulates advanced by von Neumann, London and Bauer, and Wigner, concerning the role that consciousness might play in the collapse of the wave function, which has become known as the measurement problem. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. In one of the first lectures on QM we are always taught about Young's experiment and how particles behave either as waves or as particles depending on whether or not they are being observed. E. Wigner once sketched a theory of this kind in Nature in the 60s. The discovery, or disquieting observation, or whatever, is that there can be a length of time and volume of space, an indefinite length and volume, in which the wave function is not collapsed. What mathematical algebra explains sequence of circular shifts on rows and columns of a matrix? I want to know what about observation causes this change? How many rectangles can be observed in the grid? MeSH The difference between the measurement and any other interaction is in that the perturbation introduced by measurement is unknown beforehand. Epub 2005 Apr 11. The general idea was that unconscious matter or inanimate matter, would evolve according to $\mathbf{U}$, but as soon as a conscious entity becomes physically entangled with the state, then something new comes in and actually reduces the state (some $\mathbf{R}$ process). New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. The wave function must be single valued. Biosystems. Wave Function Collapse using faulty recording devices. physics fags are all to blame for this, they couldn't develop nomenclature like chemchads. Roger Penrose describe a new model (based on other candidates) in his book The Shadows of the Mind (not an easy read!) A thing is a wave function in its native state, when observed, it is removed from its native state and within our frame . Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine In Copenhagen/von Neuman interpretations the collapse of the wave function is triggered by the observer. $\mathbf{U}$ is understood well and can be modelled accurately with the equations of QM, $\mathbf{R}$ is not well understood and it is some physicist's thoughts that QM will need to be modified to incorporate this state vector reduction process. This interaction causes the electron to behave differently compared to the situation when it is not detected. Describing the electron as a particle is a mathematical model that works well in some circumstances while describing it as a wave is a different mathematical model that works well in other circumstances. In Relational interpretation the collapse happens when the interaction affects the ultimate measurement performed by ultimate observer on the universal wave function at infinite future. an observation is any . One candidate model to explain this reduction process is the gravitationally induced state-vector (and its decedents). All things can be arbitrarily divided into the observed system and the measuring system by so-called "Heisenberg cut" with the only requirement the measuring system include the observer. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In the following answer I am going to refer to the unitary evolution of a quantum state vector (basically Schrodinger's Equation which provide the rate of change with respect to time of the quantum state or wave function) as $\mathbf{U}$. In the following answer I am going to refer to the unitary evolution of a quantum state vector (basically Schrodinger's Equation which provide the rate of change with respect to time of the quantum state or wave function) as $\mathbf{U}$. Indian J Exp Biol. The idea of probability - or possibilities - "collapsing" is much easier to understand. Epub 2005 Dec 13. As time passes, more and more wave-functi Continue Reading 1 Quora User Former broadcasf engineer and computer scientist 1 y Wave function won't collapse under a microscope? the public is definitely not going to confuse these for the definitions they used before and use daily. physics.stackexchange.com/questions/93703/, physics.stackexchange.com/a/622476/226779. the argument is therefore made that the wave function of any superposed photon state or states is always objectively and stochastically changed within the complex architecture of the eye in a continuous linear process for most of the superposed photons, followed by a discontinuous nonlinear collapse process for any remaining superposed photons, Bingo. Recently, it has been shown that the reduced size of NBs (<1 m) promotes increased uptake and accumulation in tumor interstitial space . Among those who take this explanation seriously as a description of the physical world, there are those who would argue that - as some alternative to trusting $\mathbf{U}$ at all scale and believing in a many-world type view point - that something of the nature of this $\mathbf{R}$ process occurs whenever the consciousness of an observer becomes involved. How does observation affect a . The posit that it is consciousness that causes this collapse is very hard to debunk, due to the very nature of this type of argument. Tom Ostom In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse occurs when a wave functioninitially in a superposition of several eigenstatesreduces to a single eigenstate due to interaction with the external world.This interaction is called an "observation". "how does the electron understand that it is being observed?. Therefore, the collapse of the wavefunction is a phenomenon that can only be inferred, and not directly observed. Why does an observer collapse a wave function? Biosystems. bringing about wave function collapse. There is no need to suppose that the universe cares what we think. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Observable properties, such as the position of an atom or the momentum of an electron, arise from projecting the wave function onto an eigenstate. This confused the living daylights out of early quantum experimenters, because it meant that things behaved differently when they tried to "measure" them. some future development of string theory. The simple physical interaction results in a state vector which, by the laws of quantum mechanics, will preclude interference by any of the subsystems of this larger system. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help How does a spinor affect a wave function? On Young's double-slit experiment the wave-particle duality (one by one photon) is more a problem of "picture of the model" than a philosophic one: see Y. Couder interpretation, by your self (!). It is unfortunately, in classes students are still being taught the Bohr Model etc under "Modern Physics". This is actually an unresolved question in QM. But that is not the case. Some people like to attribute consciousness to the act of interfering. And I assume you already know about the double-slit experiment (just to be sure)? if the $\mathbf{R}$ process does not actually take place in the absence of consciousness, then no particular weather pattern could ever establish itself out of the morass of quantum-superposed alternatives. Why plants and animals are so different even though they come from the same ancestors? How many ways are there to solve a Rubiks cube? There is much to say about the $\mathbf{R}$ process, but I will address your question directly; basically "is it consciousness that reduces the state vector/collaspes the wave function?". It is named after an inventor called Buckminster Fuller, from Massachusets, for its resembelance to a geodesic dome he invented. But they obey the rules of QM which is described by a quantum state that has, in some circumstances, wave-like solutions. For more information, please see our Well, thats a simple one: because it interacts with the detector! In the classical limit they behave exactly like Newtonian mechanics says they should and do not accelerate by themselves. In quantum physics, the term "observation" sometimes causes confusion. The collapse of the wavefunction is a separate issue, and one that has generated much debtae over the years. It may not display this or other websites correctly. When the electron interacts with any other system in such a way that the other system's behavior depends on the electron's (e.g., it records one thing if the electron went left and another if it went right), then the electron no longer has a wave function of its own: the electron+"detector" system has a joint state. Wave Function Collapse and Thermodynamic Irreversible Processes, Objective-collapse theory, collapse for large objects. and our Some attempt to define what constitutes measurement and what causes collapse. Personally I think we can expect some amendment to QM if this process $\mathbf{R}$ is ever going to be sufficiently explained. (as is seen as soon as you consider the wavefunction of two or more particles in the many body problem). When the wave function collapses to unity in one place and zero . This fact is called decoherence. The collapse of the wave function in quantum mechanics is sometimes loosely described as caused by "observation," which implies consciousness can physically affect the universe by causing the collapse. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Lets rephrase your question: how does the electron understand that it is being detected. The other answer, suggesting that their is a dual wave-matter aspect is completely incorrect. But that description is not sufficient per reductionism because the macro, classsical world is taken to be made up of quantum interactions fundamentally. Number of unique permutations of a 3x3x3 cube. But I think it would be enough if I give just five of which you can choose yourself. Your descriptions here are very straightforward, "down to earth". Can we really believe that the weather on these planets remain in complex-number superpositions of innumerable distinct possibilities - just some total hazy mess quite different from actual weather - until some conscious being becomes aware of it and then at that point, and only that point the superposed weather becomes actual weather? if the $\mathbf{R}$ process does not actually take place in the absence of consciousness, then no particular weather pattern could ever establish itself out of the morass of quantum-superposed alternatives. The ball part comes from its similarity to the association football ball. It is a mathematical object in 3n dimensional configuration space where n is the number of interacting particles. The site is secure. However whether a state has a real existence is open to question - I view it purely as a device for calculating probabilities. In Relational interpretation the collapse happens when the interaction affects the ultimate measurement performed by ultimate observer on the universal wave function at infinite future. In Bohm interpretation the collapse of the wave function happens when the observer introduces into the measured system some perturbation, which is inevitable when performing the measurement. JavaScript is disabled. FOIA Do 3 - 5 with your team (10 min) Group discussion of test plan (10 min) Do 6 - 9 with your team (20 min) - Perform experiment in groups - everyone should do some of the testing and combine the data Group discussion (20 min) Do part 10 individually (5 min) Group discussion and closing (10 min) Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. In one of the first lectures on QM we are always taught about Young's experiment and how particles behave either as waves or as particles depending on whether or not they are being observed. That is the point, "anything" should not just go. The electron doesn't have to "know" anything. In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse occurs when a wave functioninitially in a superposition of several eigenstatesreduces to a single eigenstate due to interaction with the external world. #8. I'd also like to see if I have a grip on your view by restating it: Remember a molecule composing of 430 atoms called buckyball can still interfere with itself in the double slit. Consciousness enigma: the "hard problem"--binding problem entanglement, "extra ingredient" and field principle. 2001 Apr;929:74-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05709.x. This is what the collapse of the wavefunction is. Consider the weather, the detailed weather patterns that occur on any planet, being dependent of chaotic processes, which much be sensitive to numerous individual quantum events. This is called the measurement problem, and physicists don't agree on the answer even today. As such, for the collapse to happen the result of interaction should somehow affect the external medium, the stars, etc, either now or in the future, rather than being recohered and lost. Quantum nature of photon signal emitted by Xanthoria parietina and its implications to biology. Why is HIV associated with weight loss/being underweight? 2022 Physics Forums, All Rights Reserved, http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0101012v4.pdf, http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0111068v1.pdf, http://www.scottaaronson.com/democritus/lec9.html, http://physicsandphysicists.blogspot.com/2011/04/schrodingers-cat-becomes-430-atoms-fat.html, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=7pStCA&usg=AFQjCNH5quntpOPVJgVTo6Tkw--isU1BUA, http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110405/full/news.2011.210.html. Can we really believe that the weather on these planets remain in complex-number superpositions of innumerable distinct possibilities - just some total hazy mess quite different from actual weather - until some conscious being becomes aware of it and then at that point, and only that point the superposed weather becomes actual weather? And yet, it would seem in order to learn more we do need a template, one that might give us an idea where else to look for additional information. Before If particles actually existed as particles and did not oscillate like waves, shouldn't they lose all their energy by traveling real distance over time and accelerating? But wouldn't photons hit the electron regardless of them being observed or not? In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse occurs when a wave function -initially in a superposition of several eigenstates -reduces to a single eigenstate due to interaction with the external world. Go figure. In von Neuman interpretation the collapse of the wave function happens when the observer feels any qualia(feeling) depended on the measured value. Indispensable role of quantum theory in the brain dynamics. . Bookshelf
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