"The McMaster Health Index Questionnaire," J Rheumatol 1982, 9:780-784 . Various analytical techniques (e.g., PCA, ML, and PAF) were applied in the selected studies, which resulted in different construct structures. For reliability, as discussed in the theory of reliability, it is not possible to calculate reliability exactly; instead, researchers intending to estimate reliability will find it always remains an imperfect endeavor. PPE Personal Protective Equipment. Before Self-transcendence is considered a developmental process of personal maturity and a vital resource of well-being in later adulthood. Wahl AK, Rusten T, Lerdal A, Hanestad BR, Knudsen JR, Moum T. The Norwegian version of the herth hope index (HHI-N):A psychometric study. Herth K. Development and refinement of an instrument to measure hope. Hope Scale Snyder et al 1991 Herth Hope Index HHI Herth 1992 Miller. Inconsistencies between the scales were resolved by discussion among the two independent investigators. Herth, 1991, Herth, 1992 developed an instrument for assessing "hope": the Herth Hope Index (HHI). 1988 Kaye Herth. Conclusions The Italian version of Herth Hope Index (HHI) is a valid and reliable assessment tool, useful to initiate conversation with someone who is troubled but finds it difficult to talk, in cancer patients on active oncological treatment during the non advanced stage of the disease, with either solid and haematological cancers. In addition, psychometric assessment is very important for nursing researchers as a whole. The adult hope scale (AHS) measures Snyder's cognitive model of hope which defines hope as "a positive motivational state that is based on an interactively derived sense of successful (a) agency (goal-directed energy), and (b) pathways (planning to meet goals)" (Snyder, Irving, & Anderson, 1991, p. 287). Tested in community and hospital patients and family members. This 12-item questionnaire uses a four-point Likert-type scale that ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) to measure the multifaceted characteristics of hope as a concept with consistency, validity, and . The Herth Hope index was chosen because it is based on a universal concept of hope, it was designed for clinical settings, and it is brief, containing only 12 items. November 2022; Journal of Happiness Studies Hope can we measure a coherent fit. Geiser F, Zajackowski K, Conrad R, Imbierowicz K, Wegener I, Herth KA, et al. Nia HS, Lehto RH, Sharif SP, Mashrouteh M, Goudarzian AH, Rahmatpour P, et al. PMC legacy view 4 PDF Herth Hope Index. An oft-quoted defini-tion of hope by nurses, developed by Dufault and Martocchio ~1985!, defines hope as a multidimen-sional dynamic life force that is characterized by a confident, yet uncertain expectation of . Hope is a motivational/cognitive attribute that is theoretically necessary to initiate and sustain action toward goal attainment. Haugan G, Utvr BK, Moksnes UK. MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Google Scholar, 1. [24] Moreover, one study reported composite reliability for the two extracted factors, with values of 0.88 and 0.69. Standardization of Three Hope Scales as Possible Measures at the End of Life in Iranian Population. Recording moments of in through photography allowed participants to base on their hope meant of them and really utilize symbolism as a therapeutic strategy for hope instillation. Clinch, JJ and Schipper, H. "Quality of Life Assessment in Palliative Care," The Challenge of Palliative Med, p. 61-70. 0000001946 00000 n [31] It is encouraged that researchers use at least two indices to ensure valid reliability. Although alpha is always a lower bound of reliability, other formulae have been developed for estimating reliability; some are more accurate than alpha, but none have gained as much popularity. Despite a large number of psychometric studies on the Herth Hope Index (HHI), its construct validity has not yet been determined. Using a P value of 0.05, mean estimates were compared by independent t test for groups by lesion type, as well as bronchoscopists' experience level. 0000001050 00000 n It was originally designed to evaluate hope in young people with chronic illnesses and one of the author's main objectives was to create an instrument capable of accessing the multiple dimensions of hope, while also reducing the complexity and . 0000004304 00000 n Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies One commonly used measure of hope is the Herth Hope Index (HHI) [14]. Mini-Mental State Examination I have short and/or long range goals. Hope: The Herth Hope Index Measurement description and translation into Norwegian. Reviso Sistemtica, Distinguishing Perceived Hope and Dispositional Optimism: Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Findings beyond Future Expectancies and Cognition, Resilience or hope? Of the 13 studies that utilized the HHI, 30% of the selected studies did not report the sampling method, while the remainder utilized simple and convenience sampling methods. Ripamonti CI, Buonaccorso L, Maruelli A, Bandieri E, Boldini S, Pessi MA, et al. [35] The results of the present study indicate that one study[25] assessed consistency using the average inter-item correlation.[3]. I have faith that gives me comfort 6. The scale has one global score that ranges from 12 to 48, as well as single-item scores that range from 1 to 4 [ 14 ]. Of the papers that examined the factor structure of the HHI, two studies reported a one-factor solution, seven reported two factors, and four reported a three-factor solution. Similarly, when LOT and HHT were used as categorical variables, we observed that both the moderate and high groups of LOT and HHT, reflecting high optimism and hope, were associated with higher CD-RISC10 scores (p < 0.001) compared to the low groups, reflecting low optimism and hope. The Herth Hope Index: A validation study within a sample of iranian patients with heart disease, Assessing quality of life in older adults: psychometric properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire in a nursing home population, The Effect of Self-Transcendence on Depression in Cognitively Intact Nursing Home Patients, Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Hope in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease, The Relationship Between Religion, Spiritual Well-being, Hope and Quality of life in Patients with Cancer, Joy-of-life in cognitively intact nursing home residents: the impact of the nurse-patient interaction, A promoo da esperana em fim de vida : avaliao da efetividade de um programa de interveno em pessoas com doena crnica avanada e progressiva, Enhancing Wisdom: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Buddhist Program for People Terminally Ill with Cancer, The Relationship Between Religious Orientation and Death Anxiety in Iranian Muslim Patients with Cancer: The Mediating Role of Hope, The association between hope, marital status, depression and persistent pain in men and women following cardiac surgery, The Relationships between Mood Disturbances and Pain, Hope, and Quality of Life in Hospitalized Cancer Patients with Pain on Regularly Scheduled Opioid Analgesic, Relationship Between Hope and Fatigue Characteristics in Newly Diagnosed Outpatients With Cancer, Hope as a determinant of mental health recovery: a psychometric evaluation of the Herth Hope Index-Dutch version, 2010 Van Gestel e.a. Over the past two decades, researchers focusing on nurses have used the principles of psychometric assessment to design and test instruments for measuring important phenomena in the field of nursing. The Herth Hope Index is an adaptation of The Herth Hope Scale ~HHS!~Herth, 1992!. From these, 21 duplicated papers were excluded resulting in 16 papers with full-text access. I can recall happy/joyful times 8. and transmitted securely. The herth hope index: preliminary testing results indicate how often do . Most of the included studies utilized simple and convenience sampling, and sample sizes were reported to be between 45 and 500 participants. [20] This may open new avenues for further research to develop a new instrument to measure hope in each specific culture. 0000001375 00000 n Thus, NH patients are more likely to feel hopeless and to become depressed. A 2-factor construct comprising 11 items came out with the best model fit. Therefore, this paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the HHI. Balsanelli AC, Grossi SA, Herth K. Assessment of hope in patients with chronic illness and their family or caregivers. Until now no authorized German translation has . Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 6School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, 7School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 8Taylors Business School, Taylors University, No. Kaye Herth. Therefore, this paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the HHI. 0000003421 00000 n Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. Marques RM, Dixe M, Querido AI, Sousa PP. RN Registered Nurse. Criterion-related validity was established by correlating the HHI with the parent HHS (r = 0 92), the Existential Well-Being Scale (r = .84) and the Nowotny Hope Scale (r = .81), Hopelessness Hope is positively associated with happiness, perseverance, success, health, compatibility, and social support[1-3] and can neutralize the effects of stress on mental, behavioral, and physical health. Place a check [X] in, the appropriate box indicating how often the statement has applied to you in the past week or. The shorter the gap, the higher the correlation. Despite a large number of psychometric studies on the Herth Hope Index (HHI), its construct validity has not yet been determined. Staats Hope Index The NH life is institutionalized, representing loss of social relationships, privacy, self-determination, and connectedness. The HHI measures various dimensions of hope using a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with items #3 and #6 reverse-coded. Figure 1 indicates the process of selecting studies and their inclusion in the present systematic review. Hope herth index (HHI):A validation study in Italian patients with solid and hematological malignancies on active cancer treatment. 4 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 7 /H [ 1200 195 ] /L 53690 /E 51976 /N 1 /T 53493 >> endobj xref 4 31 0000000016 00000 n 0000006153 00000 n Two reliability estimates used in the selected 13 studies are test-retest and Cronbach alpha test. (2013). I have short and/or long-range goals, 4. Although the time intervals were not the same in both studies (1 week and 2 weeks), the correlation coefficients remained relatively similar. Databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IranMedex were evaluated systematically using the terms HHI, psychometric, validity, reliability, and related terms (with the use of OR and AND operators) and no restrictions on the year of publication. I feel all alone. [32] Reliability consists of three different parts, including stability, equivalence, and homogeneity. A brief report on hope in peace and war, and in good times and bad. Conclusion: A 7-item version of the HHI had better psychometric properties than the original 12-item version among patients with cancer-related pain. Date of publication was not restricted and all past studies up until December 2018 were considered. Therefore, measuring the HHI using a one-fits-all approach does not seem appropriate and might limit the ability to generalize the findings. Articles were included into the study if they used only the HHI in the study, contained the search term keywords in the title or abstract, were in English or Persian with an English abstract, and conducted a cross-cultural psychometric assessment, including measures of reliability, validity, or diagnostic accuracy of the measure. The availability of valid and reliable instruments to measure hope is, therefore, critical. Interconnectedness - a sense of isolation versus giving and receiving love. Results: Five (42%) of the twelve items (#3, #4, #5, #6 and #7) did not meet the criterion set for item goodness-of-fit. 8600 Rockville Pike This tool evaluates the internal consistency of the study and contains 14 items with a three-option answer (i.e., yes, no, and unknown). The internal scale validity, person response validity, unidimensionality, and uniform differential item functioning were evaluated by applying a Rasch rating scale model. I am able to give and receive caring/love, Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree, http://www.npcrc.org/files/news/herth_hope_index.pdf. [7] The creation of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) is based on Dufault and Martocchios (1985) multidimensional hope theory which takes into account philosophical, religious, sociological, and psychological factors. Previous Background: The concept of hope has been measured using the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in different samples, but varying factor structures comprising different items from the HHI have been reported. Three factors of temporality and future, positive readiness and expectancy, and interconnectedness were first introduced by Herth (1999) as underlying factors to develop the HHI. Email: kaye.herth@mnsu.edu Access this article online Website: www.shbonweb.com DOI: 10.4103/SHB.SHB_4_19 Quick Response Code: Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the Herth Hope Index(HHI-Persian version) within a sample of Iranian patients with heart . 197-199. The search terms HHI, psychometric, validity, reliability, and related terms (with the use of OR and AND operators) were used. Carretta CM, Ridner SH, Dietrich MS. Hope, hopelessness, and anxiety:A pilot instrument comparison study. This article is a report on psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the Herth Hope Index. [ 11, 23] The HHI items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale with a. Spirituality Toolkit Brown University. Herth Hope Scale (HHS) is a measure that attempts to. (2008) indicated that 32 instruments have been designed to measure hope. 0000004820 00000 n I have a positive outlook toward life 2. 0000001745 00000 n Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IranMedex were evaluated systematically using the terms HHI, psychometric, validity, reliability, and related terms (with the use of OR and AND operators) and no restrictions on the year of publication. 0000050663 00000 n Kaye Herth. Ethical issues (including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, and redundancy) were considered by authors. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. I feel all alone. Reprinted with permission of Kay Herth. It is worth mentioning the amount of time that elapses between two tests among a sample is critical in the test-retest estimate. Average variance extracted (AVE) of 0.5 and above is one of the criteria used to establish construct validity. However, none of the selected papers discussed the rationale for choosing their selected method. [33] Cronbachs alpha determines the average internal consistency of questions. Hope is considered to be an effective coping strategy for both patients [12, 13] and family caregivers [7] in de-manding situations in life. Social Indicators Research, 29, 229-243. 0000001200 00000 n The increasing interest in the HHI is evident by the growing number of publications over the years, with nine papers published after 2010. However, exploratory factor analyzes in the selected studies did not confirm the original three-factor structure by Herth (1999). The methodology used in the available studies included principal component analysis (n = 6), maximum likelihood estimation (n = 5), and principal axis factoring (n = 1). The ill patients had pain, what is an index to blank nine items? Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for future research that appraises the validity of the HHI in different countries, and how the measure relates to other scales that evaluate hope. will also be available for a limited time. The review findings highlight the need for additional studies that appraise how the HHI is translated and interpreted in other countries and how it compares to other tools. Three studies used confirmatory factor analysis. The aim of this study was to validate the Hope Herth Index (HHI) questionnaire in the Italian population of patients with solid or hematological malignancies . 0000047291 00000 n Background. [9,10] The purpose of this index was to access multiple dimensions of hope, provide a clear expression of the unique dimensions of hope in clinical populations, and reduce both the complexity and number of items of the other available measures. 0000005380 00000 n Statistical analyses were conducted using lisrel 8.8 (Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL, USA) and structural equation modelling. Pacific Rim international journal of nursing research, Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, Sunita Ghosh, Allison Williams, Lars Hallstrom, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, Nurse-Patient Interaction: A Resource for Hope in Cognitively Intact Nursing Home Patients, Nurse-patient interaction is a resource for hope, meaning in life and self-transcendence in nursing home patients, Meaning-in-Life in Nursing Home Patients: A Validation Study of the Purpose-in-Life Test, Lite Satisfaction in Cognitively lntact Long-term Nursing-home Patients: Symptom Distress, Well-being and Nurse-patient Interaction, Rasch analysis of the Herth Hope Index in cancer patients, Construct validity of the Herth Hope Index: A systematic review Introduction, Construct validity of the Herth Hope Index: A systematic review, Self-transcendence in cognitively intact nursing-home patients: a resource for well-being, The relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients, The Self-Transcendence Scale: An Investigation of the Factor Structure Among Nursing Home Patients, Self-transcendence and nurse-patient interaction in cognitively intact nursing home patients, Indirect Relationship between Alcoholics Anonymous Spirituality and Their Hopelessness: The Role of Meaning in Life, Hope, and Abstinence Duration, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale dimensionality, reliability and construct validity among cognitively intact nursing home patients, The Relationships among Hope, Pain, Psychological Distress, and Spiritual Well-Being in Oncology Outpatients, A Model of Aging Perception in Iranian Elders With Effects of Hope, Life Satisfaction, and Socioeconomic Status: A Path Analysis, The relationship between nurse-patient interaction and meaning-in-life in cognitively intact nursing home patients, Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Herth Hope Index in Kinyarwanda: adapting a positive psychosocial tool for healthcare recipients and providers in the Rwandan setting, Herth Hope Index: psychometric testing of the Chinese version, Assessment of spiritual suffering in the cancer context: A systematic literature review, The effect of nursepatient interaction on anxiety and depression in cognitively intact nursing home patients. Development of the Persian Version of the Integrative Hope. [15] The 25-item checklist of Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) was used to check the study design quality (including the sample collection and data). Significantly more hopelessness, helplessness, and depression are found among patients in NHs compared to those living in the community ; found three to four times higher depression in NH patients than in community-dwelling adults. Herth Hope Index. If an agreement was not reached about the validity and reliability of the assessed articles, a third researcher was invited to the study to assess the articles. Aims and background Although hope is a widely used term, the experience of hope in patients with chronic or even life-threatening diseases is often disregarded due to the scarcity of carefully designed and validated assessment tools. It contains 7 entries, with each entry question corresponding to 4 options. Studies utilizing an EFA revealed that one to three factors were extracted from the HHI. A search of previous literature indicates that no systematic review has been conducted on the evaluation of the index psychometrically. Previous authors reported an -coefficient of .97, a 2-week test-retest reliability of .91, and well-established criterion-related validity for this index. [18,23] The other 11 studies used Cronbachs alpha to assess internal consistency, of which two studies had an alpha of <0.7 for one of the extracted factors[21] and the rest were above 0.7. Measuring hope among families impacted by cognitive impairment. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the herth hope index within a sample of Iranian older peoples. The Herth Hope Index (HHI), a 12-item adapted version of the Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Was tested: Alpha coefficient was 0 97 with a 2-week test-retest reliability of 0 91 Criterion-related validity established by correlating the HHI with HHS (r = 0 92), Existential Well-Being Scale (r = 0 84) and Nowotny Hope Scale (r = Sharif SP, Mostafiz I, Guptan V. A systematic review of structural equation modelling in nursing research. Obtained from Dr. Sara Staats. 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, C:\Program Files\Adobe\Acrobat 4.0\Acrobat\plug_ins\OpenAll\, Listed below are a number of statements regarding hope. Researchers use different methods to measure each of the three parts (e.g., test-retest, Cronbachs alpha, and split-half). I can see possibilities in the midst of difficulties 5. 4. trailer << /Size 35 /Info 1 0 R /Encrypt 6 0 R /Root 5 0 R /Prev 53484 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 5 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R /Metadata 3 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /R 2 /O ( UV.`Dz-#_m_}g) /U (|J3Ty,egR'x>q[p,b) /P -60 /V 1 /Length 40 >> endobj 33 0 obj << /S 36 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 34 0 R >> stream Two researchers assessed the titles and abstracts of related articles independently. Although the convenience sampling method may be the only available option under some research circumstances, additional methods should be considered to generalize the study findings. Abstract. Although the HHI is the most widely translated and psychometrically tested tool in languages other than English, psychometric variations in factor solutions remain inconsistent. Herth K. (1992). A model of aging perception in iranian elders with effects of hope, life satisfaction, and socioeconomic status:A path analysis. 0000049684 00000 n After removing these 5 items, the resulting 7-item scale demonstrated acceptable item fit to the model, acceptable unidimensionality (52.6% of the variance explained), acceptable person goodness-of-fit, adequate separation, and no differential item function. Persian-language articles from databases, including Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IranMedex, were evaluated as well. Objective: The psychological construct of hope is an important determinant for mental health and well-being. The Global Assessment Scale. Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for future research that appraises the validity of the HHI in different countries, and how the measure relates to other scales that evaluate hope. Bravo G, Potvin L. Estimating the reliability of continuous measures with Cronbach's alpha or the intraclass correlation coefficient:Toward the integration of two traditions. A cross-cultural evaluation of the construct validity of templer's death anxiety scale:A systematic review. Thirteen studies incorporating the HHI by utilizing a standardized methodology. After evaluating the quality and accuracy of the articles, the following data were extracted: Authors name(s), publication year, study-type, number of participants (and their mean age), number of extracted variables, and explained total variance and validity. Self-report. Results A total of 266 patients were enrolled. Yaghoobzadeh A, Sharif SP, Ong FS, Soundy A, Nia HS, Bagloee MM, et al. Questionnaire Data from . The Herth Hope Index consists of three dimensions: Temporality and future - the presence of goals and a positive outlook on life versus fear of the future. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients. 0000049663 00000 n E-mail: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The aim of this study was to assess the HHI's psychometric properties in a sample of cancer patients using a Rasch model. Read each statement and place an [X] in the box that describes how much you agree with that statement right now. Studies meeting criteria for final evaluation were published between 1992 and 2018 in the USA, Portugal, Switzerland, Iran, Germany, Russia (Petersburg), Japan, the Netherlands, Lima, Peru, and Norway. He distinguishes hope without despair, optimismand expecting. 0000005926 00000 n The studies in this review were conducted across different disciplines, contexts, countries, and languages. One study did not point the methodology. Read each statement and place an [X] in the box that describes how. 0000000980 00000 n Patients completed the 12-item HHI, which measures various dimensions of hope using a 4-point Likert scale that ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). yoc% kh $FdzHH*r &/ih]c O-\):# z)= endstream endobj 34 0 obj 91 endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /Resources 8 0 R /Contents [ 11 0 R 13 0 R 15 0 R 17 0 R 25 0 R 27 0 R 29 0 R 31 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 8 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 19 0 R /TT4 23 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 32 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 10 0 R >> >> endobj 9 0 obj 1377 endobj 10 0 obj [ /CalRGB << /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1 1.089 ] /Gamma [ 2.22221 2.22221 2.22221 ] /Matrix [ 0.4124 0.2126 0.0193 0.3576 0.71519 0.1192 0.1805 0.0722 0.9505 ] >> ] endobj 11 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 9 0 R >> stream A cross-sectional design using the self-transcendence scale and the FACIT-Sp spiritual well-being questionnaire was adopted. A total of 13 eligible studies were found published between 1992 and 2018 in the USA, Portugal, Switzerland, Iran, Germany, Petersburg, Japan, the Netherlands, Lima, Peru, and Norway. The availability of valid and reliable instruments to measure hope is therefore critical. Six studies used a principal component analysis (PCA),[17-19] one utilized principal axis factoring,[25] five used maximum likelihood (ML) estimation,[20-23] and one study did not point the methodology. It consists of 12 items responded to on a four-point Likert-type scale, from one (completely disagree) to four (completely agree).[11]. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 4(2) 71-77. Cronbach alpha, which is the most familiar flavor under internal consistency strategy, has been applied in all the selected studies, while only two studies (15% of the sample) used test-retest as a complementary test. 3.4 i-hope 3.4.2 D ESCRIBING I-HOPE The following description elaborates on the overview of the intervention provided in Chapter 1 as well as in a previous section of the current chapter (paragraph 3.3) and should therefore be read together with these previous descriptions. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Phone: +98 9375651975. Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-Persian version) within a sample of Iranian patients with heart disease (HD). [1] Furthermore, studies indicate that hope is considered an inner source[4] that is crucial to finding the meaning of ones life, solidarity, positive self-assessment, and self-worth,[5] which can ultimately lead to self-actualization. [16] QUADAS-2 was designed to carefully review the method of the studies reviewed. [6] Schrank et al. Method: Databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and IranMedex, were evaluated systematically using the terms Herth Hope Index, psychometric, validity, reliability, and related terms (with the use of OR and AND operators) and no restrictions on the year of publication. 2. EFA emphasizes the shared variance of the variables, whereas PCA focuses on the total variation among the variables; therefore, the percentage of the extracted variance of PCA will be greater than EFA. Benzein E, Berg A. 0000005359 00000 n Description. 197-199. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to assess articles with English-language abstracts. The short form of the Herth Hope Scale, the Herth Hope Index (HHI), was used to assess the level of hope. The aim of this study was to validate the Hope Herth Index (HHI) questionnaire in the Italian population of patients with solid or hematological malignancies . The availability of a valid and reliable instrument that accurately measures the level of hope in patients with heart failure is crucial before any hope-enhancing interventions can be appropriately planned and evaluated. The availability of valid and reliable instruments to measure hope is, therefore, critical.