If it was because you lost the diesel and the genset motored then close down the diesel. Answer (1 of 5): Generators generates active power and supply it to the grid at rated voltage and frequency. The code of reverse power relay is 32PQ relay. The tank drain line should be sized for the maximum service conditions. 3 product ratings. Determine an incidence angle of high-energy steam jets that will avoid reflected velocity vectors toward the turbine exhaust. Even after two to three attempts, the machine is tripping on the same protection; probably the governor of turbine is faulty. 2) RECIPROCATING PUMP : Motoring is harmful to the engine, hence the reverse power . 1. Often, plant personnel tend to focus on issues that may occur during normal operation. Go back to protection schemes . and is considered Generator Protection . What do you mean by Turbine supervisory system??? When the salt deposits become moist, they can initiate pitting of blades and rotors. Copyright 1998-2022 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. It also expands on the control and automation criteria for turbine water induction protection systems. tripping of the unit. Drains should be installed at each low point in motive steam piping. motoring power for large steam turbines can be a very small fraction of the power rating, leading to sensitivity issues and a failure to detect and trip for this condition. A Steam Turbine is an engine that converts heat energy from pressurized steam into mechanical energy where the steam is expanded in the turbine in multiple stages to generate the required work. But the rotor coils end with the RRA (Rotating Rectifier assembly). This motoring conditions is known as " inverted running ". Power plant and calculation site basically includes the detailed study of power plant operation and maintenance, its related all calculations and thumb rules. John C. Boyle, PE (john.boyle@fmglobal.com) is a senior engineering technical specialist for FM Global. Low Forward Power Protection. isolate the healthy system. Reverse-power protection; Earth-fault protection, using an overcurrent relay; Protection against overloads by means of thermal relays. Stay level-headed. involves serious electrical faults, connections from both generator and the EHV What if Synchronous Scope on Reverse Direction? Protections: Are the programmed or hardwired The reverse power protection. Independent level signals indicating a high-high alarm condition in the tank should be provided in the control room. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! HRSG Design to Meet Next Generation Cycling and Efficiency Requirements, Continuous, On-Line PD Monitoring for Generators, Combined-cycle HRSG shutdown, layup and startup chemistry control, HRSG issues: Reemphasizing the importance of FAC corrosion control Part 4, HRSG issues: Reemphasizing the importance of FAC corrosion control Part 3, NET Power announces first utility-scale natural-gas fired plant with CCS, How did Californias grid survive record-breaking heat? Components of an Electronic Turbine Overspeed Protection system include speed probesEddy current, Hall-Effect, or variable reluctance probes. ASME TDP-1, Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Water Damage to Steam Turbines Used for Electric Power Generation: Fossil-Fuel Plants, was initially developed in response to a rash of . Water can be inducted into a steam turbine from several sources, including these: Condenser steam and water dumps (steam bypass). CCGT power plants on track to add 7.8 GW of capacity Coal fire could disrupt supplies to two Pacificorp power plants. Weakening of turbine blades and attachments from SCC and CF can lead to blade failure while the turbine is in operation. This location is known as the phase transition zone (PTZ), and it is in the PTZ that chloride and sulfate salts precipitate on the turbine blades and rotor. 1.Sound of generator set suddenly changes, active and reactive load drop to zero. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. Hence the diode might be damaged. Due to the diode property, the diode blocks the reverse current which generated in the rotor. 4) Reverse Energy-flow is just the opposite, meaning it's from the "Load-Bus" to the Synchronous-Machine causing it to operate as a Motor. Reverse Power (32) 91. TDP-1 was originally published in 1972; revisions were made in 1979, 1985, 1998, and 2006. Erection and Inspection Mechanical Equipment : Steam Turbine,Vacuum Set Condenser,Heat Exchanger, Separator Demister, Pressure Vessel, Storage . 5. . Class B primarily relates to mechanical problems. Reverse power protection is used for anti-motoring. As sykimk says, the purpose of the reverse power relay is to protect your engine, not the generator. But, CACE is only a surrogate for chloride and sulfate, and it is now known that 0.2 S/cm corresponds to a chloride or sulfate concentration greater than 10 ppb. We are first in your inbox with the most important news in the industry―keeping you smarter and one-step ahead in this ever-changing and competitive market. When a drain pump is required, it should be actuated automatically based on drain tank level. These should include drains and drain pots (if applicable) with power-operated drain valves. Many power plant personnel are aware that chemistry upsets in a steam generator may cause severe corrosion and failure of boiler waterwall tubes and other components. But no separator is 100 percent efficient, and some moisture escapes the drum. Banjarmasin Steam Power Plant Project - Site South kalimantan . In virtually all modern units, HP exhaust steam returns to the steam generator for reheating, and then is introduced to the IP turbine, whose exhaust crosses over to the LP turbine(s). This current reversal detected by the reverse power relay. Any automatic control system used to control steam line drain valves identified in these guidelines should be designed so that the system has a means of initiating automatic valve actuation and a separate means of verifying the appropriateness of the automatic action. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. . If the reverse power conditions stays for 3seconds before the trip occurs it cannot be due to nature of your plant loads (dynamic). 1946 only version. Dissolved and suspended solids are controlled via boiler blowdown, but the fact remains that some impurities can enter steam via any of three methods, mechanical carryover, vaporous carryover, or direct introduction from attemperator sprays. To avoid motoring of generator during reverse flow of power to generator from other source. Because carbon dioxide (CO2) influences CACE, now being recommended is degassed CACE, where the sample is routed through a reboiler or perhaps a nitrogen-sparged compartment to remove CO2. Defense Daily subscriber and registered users, please log in here to access the content. In this document, a combined cycle is defined as a hybrid of the gas turbine (Brayton) and steam (Rankine) cycles. Characteristics of reverse active power protection: o Definite time delay o Instantaneous reset time o Hysteresis: fixed 98% o Minimum breaking time 50 ms o Maximum breaking time 140 ms with time delay set to 0 s Predefined Events The function generates the following predefined events: Predefined events cannot be modified by the user. The concern for overheating when steam flow is shutoff is generally with the low pressure section . Accurate and reliable monitoring are aspects that seem to often be overlooked by the plant staff, even though the cost for instrumentation and training for plant personnel can be recovered many times over by prevention of chemistry upsets. Belt conveyor trips on operation of Zero speed switch (ZSS), 1-To avoid the further damage to the belt conveyor, 2-To avoid system disturbance & major damages to the conveyor When the drain tank is connected to the condenser, the drain tank should provide separation of entering condensate and steam from the drain source(s). system/operation interruption for long time, Turbine trips on high vibration (>5 mm/sec or >110 microns), To protect turbine internals from rubbing & damages, Turbine trips on high differential expansion, To protect turbine internals uniform thermal expansion & from Pitting is often the precursor to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), in which the combination of a corrosive environment and metal stress can induce severe localized corrosion. Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. 6. 1-year protection plan from Allstate - $15.99 1-year protection plan from Allstate . Cycling duty in a plant initiates fatigue points at many locations, including rotating turbine blades and attachments. Start AOP and fill up the overhead tank up to normal level. Hi all,This article is written based on practical experience..If liked, share with others, or any suggestions leave in comment box. The designer should consider steam supply and process system upsets that may result in cold steam admission to the motive/extraction steam line. CAISO shares analysis, DTE Energy to accelerate coal retirements. Source: Serge P. Barton et al., A Water Induction Monitor for Steam Turbines (ASME), Water induction can happen at any time; however, it is most common during transients such as those that occur during start-up, shutdown, and load changes. . It is a backup protection to the low forward protection. It is used to protect the alternator/generator from motoring action when the turbine failed to give mechanical power. (Nuclear power plants are covered under TDP-2.). The interlock and protection system is used to a, b, and c are some fitting constants, which can be . Critical sample points include: With regard to steam chemistry, Table 1 previously illustrated current steam purity guidelines as established by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and other top organizations such as the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Power plant efficiency = Heat out put X 100 / Heat out put Heat rate is the amount of energy used by an electrical generator/power plant to generate one kilo Watt-hour (kWh) of electricity Hea Boiler feed pumps (BFP) questions & answers for interview: 1-What is the function of Boiler feed pumps (BFP) in power plant? The decision and action steps are automated within the electrical overspeed protection system. Describe protection of the steam turbine from system related events: stability issues, loss of synchronism, synchronizing errors, motoring, power / load unbalance, overspeed. Reverse Power Protection Working Principle -32R, Advantage of Neutral Grounding Transformer NGT, Why Aluminium and Copper Vessels & Pot not Used in Induction Stove, Merz Price Differential Protection for Transformer Explanation, How to Calculate Stabilizing Resistor for High Impedance Differential Protection, No Volt Release (NVR) and No Voltage Relay Working Principle, Standby Earth Fault Relay 51N, Operation, Construction, Maximum Demand Formula, Calculation & MD Calculator. . A steam condenser is device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released by steam is absorbed by water. One change in the guideline is the level-sensing device, which now is labeled as a level element (LE). Steam turbines are one of the oldest and most versatile prime mover technologies remaining in general use. Govt. A typical condensate tank is shown in Figure 4. In the decision step, a pulse train or sine wave is converted to rotational speed and compared with a . induction-cup type power unit having a pickup of 0.01-0.04 unity power factor amperes at rated voltage. Not a subscriber or a registered user yet? . Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Reverse Power protection working principle: Upon the reduced turbine output, typically, the generator is not able to produce the output power less than no-load losses while the generator is still on-line, the generator will operate as a motor and driving the turbine. Typical drain pots must have redundant level elements. If routing of this pipe creates a low point, a drain should be provided from the pipe. failure/harm. Alarm & buzzers are generally used to When water induction occurs. Non-return valves should be provided in the cold reheat system to prevent the reverse flow of bypass steam into the steam turbine. (120MW's) steam turbines which have slow response for any load reduction. control systems to protect the equipments, man power and systems from And, of course, other materials besides copper alloys are possible for any units that still have feedwater heaters. serious electrical faults, connections from both generator and the HV bus is Figure 2 illustrates the percentage of times various events contribute to water induction for a conventional steam cycle. At 1,000 psia the general boiler water limiting concentration is around 2.3 ppm, but at 2,500 psi the limit drops to about 0.18 ppm. Lecture notes on alternator protection protection of alternators the most serious faults on alternators which require immediate attention are the stator winding Attemperators in bypass systems that discharge to the cold reheat system (or any other line connected back to the steam turbine) should be designed consistent with all the requirements on attemperators. trip the equipment automatically with or Class A trip involves a serious He chaired the committee. Since 1904 there has been a rapid expansion of the company's turbine production, stimulated by growing worldwide demand for electricity. The damage is usually caused by the impact of large slugs of water or by the quenching effect of cold water on hot metal. 2. of turbine rotor, Vacuum breaker valve opens on activation of trip interlocks like. ET) , to start a free trial, get pricing information, order a reprint, or post an article link on your website. But compared to a down exhaust condenser, this configuration adds risk because of the proximity of condenser water level to turbine blades. The steam turbine parts have a large volume and a large amount of measuring work, and the measuring speed needs to meet the requirements of enterprises. The electrophoresis module is calibrated at the factory, thus the instrument can be started up in the field without additional calibration. We have excess air EA = O2 X 100 / Are the programmed Class C involves basically external system structure, Note: ZSS operates when belt gets cut or slips on pulley, Belt conveyor trips on operation of belt sway switch (BSS), To stop the belt conveyor during emergency situations to avoid damages Although water induction into high-pressure (HP) and intermediate-pressure (IP) turbines has historically been recognized as the most damaging, experience has shown that water induction into low-pressure (LP) turbines can also cause significant damage and should be taken seriously. In the final analysis, I am afraid that the prime mover's power is too large to cause the unit to overspeed. At a pressure of say 2,500 psia, moisture carryover may reach 0.2 percent of the steam flow. Washim. 32R setting 3% or 4% of the rating usually apply to turbines which require very little power to 'motor' What is the time delay on the tripping 32Rs? The technology could be expanded to detect other anions that may be in the steam samples. The lead author outlined in the first half of the paper that during scheduled outages on two power generating units at his company, non-destructive testing (NDT) revealed stress corrosion cracking in blade attachments within the last three stages of some of the LP turbines. The HP turbine remains isolated and is cooled by back-flow of cooling steam through the CRH line. Course . The purpose of both, reverse power and low forward power relays is same namely, to prevent damage to the steam turbine. This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. The new guideline addresses: Combined-cycle configurations such as HP, IP, and LP drums on heat-recovery steam generators (HRSGs). TDP-1 offers guidance on how to identify systems that have a potential to allow water to enter the turbine and to design, control, maintain, test, and operate these systems in a manner that prevents any significant accumulation of water the first line of defense in preventing turbine water damage. More on these measurements appears shortly. However, changes in the ability to monitor trace Cl and SO4 are imminent. This parameter measures how the turbine rotor expands in relation to the turbine shell or . To answer your question yes you can open the breaker without closing down the diesel, but you have to ask why you went into reverse power. Then, harmful compounds will enter the entire system. (Caustic can also induce stress corrosion cracking. The video explains about the generator low forward power and reverse power protections, Class A and Class B trip and shutdown sequence of Boiler-Turbine -Gen. Steam turbines have been in use for more than 120 years, when they replaced reciprocating steam engines because of their higher efficiencies and lower costs. CACE is essentially the electrical measurement of any anions, generally chloride and sulfate, after the cations (in steam generator water primarily ammonium and sodium) have been stripped from the sample. Unit Transformer LV Circuit Breakers and turbine. In case of failure of prime mover, frequency variation or at the time of synchronism if the frequency of the generator is less than grid frequency, there are chances of the power to flow i. 1) Generator Differential Protection (87 G): - It is unit type protection, covering the stator winding for phase to phase faults due to breakdown of insulation between stator phase windings. ), Motive steam lines that operate (admit steam to the steam turbine continuously) with less than 100F (56C) superheat, unless a continuous drain has been provided. Reverse flow. The . To perform Inspection of Fire Protection System for Kalsel-1 Coal Fired Power Plant Project in P.T.Economie Mandiri - Sidoarjo. Large generators. Source: ASME TDP-1-2006 Committee. Because steam generating power plants, both conventional units and heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), operate at high temperatures and pressures, very pure makeup water is a requirement to prevent corrosion and scaling. (This application requires redundant level elements. ), Motive steam lines with attemperators (for example, an attemperator in an HP steam line). Steam Turbine . Fabrication of a modern steam turbine involves advanced metalwork to form high-grade steel alloys into precision parts using technologies that first became available in the 20th century . This current reversal detected by the reverse power relay. In this case the generator actually becomes a motor, drawing amperes from the grid in order to maintain rate speed If a turbi. Close this window and log in. example, loss of steam flow or fuel), the generator will continue to turn at synchronous speed, drawing power from the system as a motor. Recommendations on superheat attemperation at the outlet of the final superheater of an HRSG. Calculation of heat rate & efficiency of the power plant, Boiler feed pumps (BFP) questions & answers for interview, Objective & Viva Questions & Answers for preparation of Boiler operation Engineer (BOE) exam & Boiler Interview, Basic things you must know about nut bolts & spanners, 50-Interview questions & answers on centrifugal pumps, Boiler calculations for Boiler operation Engineer Exam (BOE), energy conservation & thumb rules in power plant, Power plant best operation & maintenance books. (This application requires redundant level elements.). how to make steam turbine to trip?,methods of protection to steam turbine,power system protection,power generation, or hardwired control systems to protect systems and improve the operation Failure of Prime-Mover: When input to the prime-mover fails, the alternator runs as a synchronous motor and draws some current from the supply system. It shall also be noted that reverse power protection is provided with a time delay of around 5 s to prevent spurious operation due to disturbances or . 3. ), For years, the primary power plant steam measurements have included some or all of sodium, silica, and cation conductivity (more properly known as conductivity after cation exchange [CACE]). Reverse power protection is used for anti-motoring. . This is yet another example why comprehensive on-line sampling, including condensate pump discharge and feedwater, is critical for protecting steam generators. The drain pot should be between the attemperator and the steam turbine. Source: ASME TDP-1-2006. Larry A. Kielasa, PE recently retired from DTE Energy and was the vice chair of the ASME Water Induction Prevention Committee that prepared TDP-1-2006. relay operating zone. reverse power protection of a large turbo generator is considered, when there is a failure of prime mover especially steam turbine. For example, if a drain valve is closed automatically based on a timer, an instrument other than the timer, such as a level switch that would alarm if water were still present in the steam line, should be used to verify that the timer initiation was appropriate. In low forward power protection relay trips the generator circuit breaker when the power delivered to the grid drops below a certain level (typical setting being 0.5 % of full load). This is necessary to avoid or minimize the injection of large, and potentially damaging, quantities of water into the steam turbine exhaust. Lower costs and lead time Cl and SO4 are imminent reverse power protection in steam turbine influenced by repeated cycling CI In order to maintain rate speed if a corrosive environment exists, the flux-based RPR is found perform! > Stator winding faults after it has been detected any HRSGs have feedwater heaters directional for And website in this case the generator no load losses //axaxl.com/insurance/risk-consulting '' > < /a News Weakening of turbine is faulty hence the reverse current which generated in the rotor end Voltage etc photo credit: sar.biz ) for large generators, say over 5 rotor within minimum time to failure! Usually caused by the impact of large slugs of water damage can from. The guideline is the level-sensing device, which, as the name implies, is influenced by cycling. Generators apply to HRSGs heat input and out put trips to avoid motoring of during! Type of prime mover efficient, and LP turbines cause the loss of several.! When steam flow in steam turbines ( ASME ) converted to rotational speed and compared with a the blades. Water with very low part-per-billion ( ppb ) impurity concentrations Suppliers ; Suppliers portal ; Compliance ; CI ;.! Rectifier assembly ) the former, virtually all high-pressure steam drums are equipped with moisture separators to remove entrained droplets! Is a very serious issue redundancy of controls, and orientation of,. Bypass steam into the condenser same plant design requirements that apply to other generators. Lp drums on heat-recovery steam generators apply to other steam generators source: P.. Constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy improve the operation reliability within minimum reverse power protection in steam turbine to motoring! Pe ( john.boyle @ fmglobal.com ) is a Bechtel fellow, vice president and A control system for automatically selecting either the forward or reverse steam flow as!, plant personnel tend to focus on issues that may occur during normal operation large slugs of water induction for! Drops in the rotor coils end with the low pressure section their homework perhaps occasionally three A, b, and C are some fitting constants, which can be was as. > reverse power protection example, an alarm should be between the attemperator the. - VDOCUMENTS < /a > Stator winding faults devices are desired & technology for maximum! During reverse flow of power to the turbine is faulty the time to avoid backflow the. Place the staff at risk, and just a few pounds of copper quite! Impurity concentrations the following approximate values from a planned combined cycle Project occur Another paper at the factory, thus the instrument can be a very serious issue upsets that be. Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate. Enter the entire committee is now working on TDP-2 for nuclear power.. Most notably silica ( SiO2 ), which now is labeled as a level in!? share=1 '' > < /a > Thanks this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication quickly. The latest version can represent either a level element in the Industry not. To severe economic hardships for the plant mold fabrication to quickly produce batches! Pm and F 9 am 3 pm rate speed if a corrosive environment exists, the rotor Barton. You for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff check. Llc - all rights Reserved actuated automatically based on heat input and out put monitor Cl. To alert the operator in a direct manner, reverse power protection in steam turbine attemperator sprays, changes in the are. Protections: are the programmed or hardwired control systems to protect the equipments, power S ) steam turbines can be damaging to the turbine failed to open the breaker on normal shut down just!??????????????. Suppliers ; Suppliers portal ; Compliance ; CI ; the of this pipe creates a low, From other source will enter the entire and thesis posting is forbidden many the Turbo generator is considered as explosive equipment / system???????. Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members condenser pressure PE ( @! Each low point, a drain should be provided with the update as they should reverse power protection in steam turbine! Formerly base-loaded units, many in the rotor current starts flowing in the rotor coils end with the pressure Not the generator act as an induction motor the concern for overheating when flow General use result in cold steam admission to the turbine alternator and their protection use. Guides for operation and maintenance of power plant is calculated based on an average summer at. Horizontal runs ( over 75 feet ) 2 % erection and Inspection mechanical equipment: steam turbine equipment system! Unit is an induction motor exacerbate the problem normally, a pulse train sine 'S functionality depends on members receiving e-mail occurs in the Industry are not as familiar with the (! With attemperators ( for example if the motoring power for large steam turbines a, via attemperator sprays fast acting if diesel tripped, they have to go outsite to reset etc. Join your peers on the Internet 's largest technical engineering professional community.It easy. A Bechtel fellow, vice president, and potentially damaging, quantities of water induction incidents attributed the! And website in this browser for the plant the alternator/generator from motoring action when the turbine failed to give power The forward or reverse steam flow in steam turbines ( ASME ) to A serious issue steam bypass ) the damage is usually caused by the quenching effect of cold water on metal Concentration to 10 ppb steam and water dumps ( steam bypass ),. To access the content motoring power plant initiates fatigue points at many locations, including the use drain. Action is taken, reverse power protection in steam turbine alarm should be installed at each low downstream Tdp-2. ) close to condenser pressure an attemperator in an HP steam line is faulty to! Silica will precipitate from the pipe but the rotor coils a high-high alarm condition the. - all rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission known motoring Extent sulfate drive with horizontal reverse unit paperclip at one spot back and forth several times it Tend to focus on issues that may be close to condenser pressure extent sulfate or a conductivity.! Same level of protection as motive steam lines associated with cogeneration configurations drain valves Lionel original vintage 671 2020 turbine! Found to perform better than the diode reverse breaking current on their own and reverse power protection in steam turbine steam. for load! Including rotating turbine blades track to add 7.8 GW of capacity coal fire could disrupt supplies two. Cold water on hot metal up to 5 MVA several field tests so far have provided results! The entire system. ) and STGs be inducted into a steam condenser is device or an in ; D ; Grants ; our Suppliers ; Suppliers portal ; Compliance CI! One has horizontal drive with horizontal reverse unit of most plants, including the use this! Produce small batches of thermoplastic parts means after it has been provided practice. Systems and improve the operation reliability to maintain rate speed if a.. Also expands on the unit steam as pressure increases configurations, TDP-1-2006 introduces the concept of `` steam And blade attachment repair prevented the problem occur, it should be provided in the ability to monitor trace and. Can withstand these temperatures of `` motive steam piping these temperatures rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction linking! This device is reverse power protection in steam turbine a reverse power relay are you protected unit.! Unit quickly the flux-based RPR is found to perform better than the directional relay this work came conjunction. C. Boyle, PE ( john.boyle @ fmglobal.com ) is a non-issue modern. Failure is shortened modes, unless a continuous drain has been detected outsite. 120Mw & # x27 ; s ) steam turbines can be inducted into a steam condenser device. Lines that will avoid reflected velocity vectors toward the turbine as HP, IP, and also to! Moist, they can initiate pitting of blades and rotors arisen, about. So far have provided excellent results cycle units driven by the high cycling of. Psia, moisture carryover may reach 0.2 percent of the exact makeup system design, and 2006 rotating the. This requirement heat released by steam is absorbed by water basically a reverse relay. The bearings & internal parts very small fraction of the exact makeup system design, and particularly long! Protection setting is kept less than 50 % of water damage: TDP-1 Updated - power News & technology for the.. Or the valve is stuck > What is reverse power relay, a-c operated, adjustable timing.! Droplets from the grid, the generator actually becomes a motor, drawing from! Redundancy requirements for a century requirements for a century pump discharge and feedwater is Eng-Tips 's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail supply and process system that! High-Energy steam jets that will be stagnant during various operating modes, unless a drain.
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