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Drought, Irrigation and Protection. [20] Also close to the Communist Party were the Soviet arms providers and foreign volunteers and advisers, both groups providing much of the practical military experience on the Republican side. Newspapers predicted the triumphal entry of Franco, military bands prepared for a glorious parade, victory speeches were penned, banners painted. El Grecos Art: Visionary, Dematerialised, Unearthly. he town, lightly defended and almost surrounded by Republican columns was attacked in mid-December 1937. Don Juan and Honour. Gngora and Gongorismo or the Art of Obscurity. Gauds El Capricho. Al-Andalus. San Juan de la Cruz: Noche oscura. And finally, there was the church. Analysis. Internal dissension weakened Republican defences, and efforts to negotiate an honourable peace were coldly rejected. The forces at their disposal were led by General Emilio Mola and the majority of them were units of the Army of Africa. Garcilaso de la Vega 1501?-1536. On 26 March, Franco ordered a general advance into Madrid, and on the 27th, the Republican front collapsed, many of whose troops surrendered or simply threw away their weapons and started for home. Fortunately for him, by the time he crossed the Straits in the first week of August 1936, the major cities of Western Andalusia (Seville, Cordoba, Granada) had already fallen to the rebels, but not the countryside. Fray Luis de Len 1527-91. GRANADA Spain from the 17th to 20th Century. On the 15th, 4,000 CNT anarchist, militiamen led by Buenaventura Durruti, arrived from the Aragn front as reinforcements for the defence of the capital. Continue to Madrid and check-in to our hotel for five nights. The control of the seat of government - as Madrid was - made the battle for Madrid a very important occurrence during the Spanish Civil War. Based on a true-life story of 13 women sentenced to death by a military court for crimes they didn't commit, this film directed by Emilio Martnez Lzaro is set in the first days of the Franco dictatorship when those with even dubious links to the Republican cause were rooted out and punished. On 10 November, the Nationalists switched the focus of their offensive to the Carabanchel suburb, but the heavily urban area proved to be a very difficult obstacle. The city, besieged from October 1936, fell to the Nationalist armies on 28 March 1939. San Juan de la Pea and Alquzar, Travel 2017. 1599-1623. El Buscn. Episode 2: The Battle of Toledo . Franco is quoted as saying, "I will destroy Madrid rather than leave it to the Marxists". Spain. The Battle of Teruel. What Does the Term Mean? Five books about the Spanish Civil War The Battle for Spain, Antony Beevor (1982, 2006). Spanish Ballad. On April 1, 1939, he issued a hand-written communique:Today, with the Red Army captive and disarmed, our victorious troops have achieved their final military objectives. Background and Analysis. However the delay in the assault on Madrid allowed the defenders time to prepare some fortifications. Italian and Nationalist losses were significantly higher than that of the Republicans. Madrid.1631-60. Vulcan. EL Burlador de Sevilla. Major Battles of the Spanish Civil War 212 Learn about Prezi DV Dorian Varga Wed Nov 30 2011 Outline 27 frames Reader view Key Battles of the Spanish Civil War Madrid The war lasted three years, and it ended with the city being surrendered by the Republic at the end of the war following the anti-Communist coup headed by Colonel Casado. Franco decided to make do with the control of about 75% of University City. Argoos. Military strategists have questioned the decision, especially since the time spent liberating Toledo allowed the capital precious time to shore up its defences. The importance attached to unity by the Nationalists is neatly wrapped up in the slogan adopted from the Falange and repeated ad nauseam by Franco and his followers: Toledo was the religious and spiritual capital of the country and the seat of its most important Catholic diocese. In November 1936, both Germany and Italy officially recognised Franco as Head of the Spanish State, a move that gave some international legitimacy to his position. On November 7th the assault on Madrid proper began, with the Nationalists crossing the Manzanares river. (PrestonFranco322). Second Spanish Republic. Presented here are parts two (in two segments) and three of the Spain in Revolt newsreel. El Buscn. Tour the famed Alcazar in Toledo, the well-preserved site of the famous siege and now symbol of Spanish nationalism, where Colonel Jose Moscardo Ituarte and his Nationalist Guarda Civil held out against vastly superior numbers of Republican militia despite the capture and subsequent shooting of his son. 25 November 1938: Soldiers camouflage a car during the Spanish Civil War Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Don Quixote and the Real World. Overview (2). The Battle of Madrid in November 1936 saw the most intense fighting in and around the city when the Nationalists made their most determined attempt to take the Republican capital. Definition and Characteristics. After lunch in the rebuilt town of Brunete return to the airport for our early evening flight home. Mercury. Martin Douch Cambridge 2014 Since late July 1936 rebel troops under the command of General Mola had been threatening Madrid from the north. Regional Autonomy. Madrid by Mikhail Koltsov (1936) . Analysis. The Italian forces would execute the main attack. Then travel to the imposing historical residence (El Escorial) of the King of Spain built at the instigation of King Philip II, in 1563. Velzquez and Classical Mythology. Experience the entirety of the Spanish Civil War from start to end in this full length campaign stretching from July 1936 to March 1939. Mola, who commanded the colonial troops as well as the Spanish Foreign Legion and Carlist and Falangist militia, raised troops in the north. Some regulares eventually broke through and made an initial crossing over the Manzanares towards the Modelo Prison, the target of the offensive, but the attack stalled at the western fringe of the city. However, the insurgents failed to inspire a country-wide insurrection on the mainland, and the burden of victory fell on the Army of Africa (consisting of legionnaires and mercenary Moroccans) commanded by Franco. History of the Jews in Spain. The House of Bernarda Alba. A copy of the Nationalist plan of attack is found on the body of an officer killed in the early fighting, allowing the Republicans to prepare for the following days fighting with the advantage of knowing where to expect the main attack from. Garcilaso de la Vega. Players can play as Nationalists or Republican. The offensive was partially aimed at distracting the Nationalists who had recently concluded the was in the North, so they would not be able to mount another offensive on . Casa Batll, La Pedrera, Park Gell. Alemn. Bodegones and Daily Life. Jackson, Gabriel. This view is typical of many governments of the day: With France and Spain menaced by Bolshevism, it is not inconceivable that before long it may pay us to throw in our lot with Germany and Italy, and the greater our detachment from European entanglements the better. Sir Maurice Hankey, Cabinet Secretary, 20 June 1936. For up to date news as well as details about all of our tours please subscribe to our fortnightly e-newsletter by entering your name and e-mail address below Battlefield ToursArchaeological ToursHolocaust ToursHistory ToursExperience ToursWalking ToursFuture PlanningRequest BrochureSite Map, The Cultural ExperienceThe Studio26A The DeanNew AlresfordHampshireSO24 9AZUnited Kingdom, UK: 0345 475 1815USA (toll free): 877 209 5620International: 00 44 345 475 1815, 2015 - 2022 Midas Tours Ltd - Hosted by SWD-Legal Info-Terms of Use-Privacy Policy / Cookies-Sign-in. Although few and with their training unfinished, since they had been hurried to the front as a relief force, their arrival was a major morale boost for the defenders of Madrid. In March 1938 Hitler had annexed Austria, and by late summer he had his eyes on Czechoslovakia. Franco left the Canaries on July 18 and arrived by plane in Spanish Morocco on the following day to assume command of the key forces stationed there. La Vida es Sueo. This was an attackers nightmare as the university complex was full of numerous large buildings but also many smaller rooms perfect for determined defenders to hide and fight in. Bilbao, Guggenheim Museum. The Spanish Civil War began with a failed coup d'tat against the Popular Front Government of the Spanish Republic by Spanish Army officers on 18 July 1936. By now the heart of Catalonia was exposed and the Nationalists pushed on methodically. Initially the fighting was localized and confused. Romances of Chivalry. The offensive was scheduled to start on January 24th 1937, but heavy rains forced the Nationalist high command to postpone the offensive, which was finally launched on February 6th. Seville. Many Routes and Pilgrims. Crdoba and Culture. Most expected the capital to fall quickly, but Franco provided breathing room by choosing to relieve the Alczar at Toledo, where rebels, mostly Civil Guards, had been besieged since the uprising began. Francos decision to take Toledorather than proceed to Madrid now acquires better focus. During the summer of 1937, the Republicans tried diversionary tactics to relieve pressure on the north. The Siege of Madrid became a mythic subject in the popular imagination during the Spanish Civil War. Cervantes: What is it about the title Don Quixote? The Immaculate Conception. Garcilaso de la Vega. The Battle of Brunete The battle of Brunete was the focal point of the largest offensive in the Spanish Civil War so far. Mola's troops had captured the Somosierra passes, but were unable to move forward from that position, due to low ammunition levels and resistance from militia units from Madrid. El Capricho. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C2%A1No_pasar%C3%A1n!_Madrid.jpg#/media/File:%C2%A1No_pasar%C3%A1n!_Madrid.jpg They were opposed by the Republican Colonel Segismundo Casado and others, who wanted to negotiate the surrender of Madrid to spare Republican supporters the worst of the Nationalist retribution. "Campesino, the revolution will give you the land," poster by Bauset (1936). Spanish Civil War Tour. The UGT transferred some vital industries to metro tunnels under the city that were not in use. By now the heart of Catalonia was exposed and the Nationalists pushed on methodically. Introduction. Barton, SimonA History of SpainBasingstoke, Hampshire 2nd. Analysis. On the other side, both Germany and Fascist Italy supplied Franco with air cover and armoured units for his assault on Madrid, and the Luftwaffe units in Spain, the Condor Legion, were commanded independently of Franco's officers. Summary. The Rokeby Venus. The Battle of Badajoz. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco were anxious to capture the capital city of Spain as soon as possible. Cut off from all help, government forces fought desperately and managed to inflict heavy damage on the insurgents before succumbing. The Battle of Teruel was a defining moment of the Civil War. [15] The atrocity was condemned by the anarchist director of prisoners, Melchor Rodriguez. Prelude to Civil War. Exploding in July 1936, the war in Spain soiled the 20th century; it was among the bloodiest wars ever to take place on the European continent. Hero or Religious Extremist? Find the perfect madrid, spanish civil war stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Andalucia's capital was one of the focal points of the early hours of the Civil War. Andeme yo caliente/1581. When they did they found that their first task was to capture what was known as University City. Decline of a Popular Genre. To deliver it, then, from the godless hordes would convey a powerful symbol to the Nationalists and, among the inner circle of generals, enhance Francos reputation and consolidate his position in a decisive moment of his career. An Oriental, Gothic Fantasy. Durruti bought part of his column of anarchists to Madrid from Aragon to aid in the capitals defense. Ferdinand and Isabella: Catholic Monarchs. Luis de Gngora. They left the defence of the capital to General Jose Miaja, an undistinguished commander but popular with the troops. Travel to the site of one of the biggest battles on Spanish soil where the British Battalion fought, as part of the 80,000 strong Republican army, attempting to relieve the pressure on Madrid in July 1937. Why were they there? He also launched a diversionary attack towards the working-class suburb of Carabanchel, to the south-west of the city centre. ('They shall not pass! The German Condor Legion also provided air support, which took a heavy toll on the buildings of the quarter. Return to Madrid to visit the Temple of Debod, one of the few examples of ancient Egyptian architecture outside of Egypt and the only one in Spain. - See 756 traveler reviews, 102 candid photos, and great deals for Madrid, Spain, at Tripadvisor. When they reached the Catalan fishing village of Vinaroz (Vinars) on April 15, 1938, they effectively split the Republican zone, leaving Catalonia and Valencia isolated from each other. Sonnet 1. Don Quixote. The town, lightly defended and almost surrounded by Republican columns was attacked in mid-December 1937. The colonial Moroccan troops were pinned down in house-to-house fighting (in which they had little previous experience since their greatest strength was in open-country warfare) and took heavy casualties at the hands of militiamen who knew the urban terrain very well. According to Antony Beevor, the order for the massacre came from either Jos Cazorla Maure, Carrillo's deputy, or the Soviet advisor, Mikhail Koltsov. El Escorial. Franco himself had landed in Algeciras, in southern Spain, with Moroccan troops from the Spanish Army of Africa. Franco subsequently served as dictator of Spain until his death in 1975. Lorca. In the confusion there was no effective resistance. The Battle of Ciudad Universitaria took place around the campus of the Complutense University of Madrid between 15 and 23 November 1936, during the Spanish Civil War.. History. The offensive, which began on March 8th 1937, comprised 5 Italian divisions and 1 Spanish division (the Sora Division, led by the defender of the Alczar, Colonel Moscard.) Conversos and Moriscos: Tyranny of Food. The following day the government of the Republic abandoned Madrid and moved to Valencia, leaving the CNT with the suspicion that they had been invited into the government in order to make them complicit in the abandonment of Madrid. Princeton University Press. RMW40JKA - A ribbon with the colours of Spanish Republican flag during the protest.Coinciding with the 83rd anniversary of the Spanish Civil War beginning, hundreds of people gathered in Madrid to protest against immunity for the crimes committed during the Francisco Franco's dictatorship, and to demand justice for victims and relatives. Quevedo. On September 28, 1936, theAlczarwas relieved and Toledo was back in Nationalist hands. Tirso de Molina. 1897. On 28 March, Madrid finally fell to Franco's forces. The rout marks the greatest defeat of a European colonial power by indigenous forces since the Battle of Adwa. Camino de Santiago. This battle happened in the new campus area of the Ciudad Universitaria from the 15 to the 23 of November 1936 (approximately a week) leaving a stable front until the end of the war. Puerto de Guaderrama Mountains, the scene of much fighting in the very early days of the war when the Nationalists forced the pass across the mountains but failed to get any further. Bullfighting in Spain (Corrida de toros). Catalonia in the 13th Century. Peruse the privately-owned museum of the Battle of Jarama at Morata de Tajuna. The hiss and crash of explosions, the cries for help or of pain, the clang of fire-bells and the shrill blast of whistles, mingled with the roar of falling stones and glass and the drone of low-flying bombers, made a deafening noise. It is about 14 km north of El Escorial and 68 km north of Madrid. Poema de Mo Cid: Summary of a Self-Made Mans Life. The non interventionist policy towards Spain, which this kind of thinking produced, was adopted by most western governments (apart from Italy, Germany, and Russia), yet in spite of that some 40,000 individuals from around 50 countries volunteered to fight in Spain on the Republican side, and 1,500 foreign nationals, mainly from Britain, Ireland, and Portugal, volunteered to fight for the Nationalists (alongside the very sizeable military contingents from Nazi Germany and Italy). Characters: Bernarda. Summary Act I. Lorca: The House of Bernarda Alba. The Republicans had deployed 12,000 troops in Carabanchel and 30,000 more to meet the main assault at the Casa de Campo. From the Canary Islands, General. A counter-attack by the International Brigade provided a short respite but it did seem like it was only a matter of time before the Nationalists got to the outskirts of the city. Romances of Chivalry. Valle de los Cados is Spain's Civil War Memorial located in the Guadarrama Mountain Range (Sierra de Guadarrama), just outside of Madrid. John Summerfield, an English member of the International Brigade wrote: We saw the Philosophy building then, lit by reflected flames and moonlight. The long and bloody Battle of Ciudad Universitaria took place on the newly constructed Complutense University of Madrid campus. Pointing out Suicide Hill, Battle of Jarama, Our group in front of the monument to the volunteers, Colonel Moscardos office within the Alcazar, Toledo, The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, The Life and Death of the Spanish Republic, The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge, Unlikely Warriors: The Extraordinary Story of the Britons Who Fought In The Spanish Civil War, The British and Lincoln battalions stand at the Jarama. In the end, Franco's troops won, and he was one step closer to taking Madrid. ("They shall not pass") to urge resistance against the coup. Why St. James? By September 3rd they had captured Talavera de la Reina, the last significant town between the Army of Africa and Madrid. Colonel Romero commanded Republican forces there and effectively repelled attempts to cross it and to gain access to Madrid's city centre.[11]. Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forces_of_the_Spanish_Government_Crossing_the_Ebro_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg#/media/File:Forces_of_the_Spanish_Government_Crossing_the_Ebro_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg. En tanto que de rosa Analysis. In addition, most of them had never been trained in the use of weapons, let alone experienced combat before. On 19 July, Santiago Casares Quiroga resigned as prime minister and was succeeded by Diego Martinez Barrio, who tried to arrange a truce with the insurgent General Emilio Mola by telephone, but Mola refused the offer and Martinez Barrio was ousted by Jos Giral. On the other hand, the besiegedAlczarof Toledo (the siege had been going on since at least Aug 24, 1936) highlighted Nationalist valour against all-out Republican efforts and to lift the siege would be a feather in Francos hat. The communists were a minority in the government, but they gained in influence through their access to arms from the Soviet Union and foreign volunteers in the International Brigades. Visit the memorial to the International Brigades at Jarama and walk the ground that the British Battalion, under Captain Tom Wintringham, (and later the Lincoln Battalion their US counterparts), fought over for three dreadful days in February 1937. Don Quixote and the Real World. Together, they planned a "Drive on Madrid" with Franco advancing from Badajoz, which he took in August and Mola advancing from Burgos. Altogether, the campaign took almost seven months (March to October 1937) and might have been no more than a detail in the history of the Civil War but for one notorious event that immediately leapt onto the international stage and left an indelible mark on the history of warfare. The end came on March 27 when Nationalist troops entered Madrid. Ruins of Belchite, left untouched as a memorial of the Civil War. Gaudi. Angel Ganivet (1865-1898). By the spring of 1939, after the collapse of the Republican forces on other fronts, the Republican cause in Madrid was clearly doomed, which created a bitter division within Republican ranks. Many soldiers were massacred by the crowd, which had been enraged by the apparent false surrenders, after the fall of the barracks. Having failed to take Madrid by assault, Franco ordered the aerial bombardment of the city's residential areas except for the upper-class Salamanca district, which was assumed to contain many Nationalist supporters,[18] with the intention of terrifying the civilian population into surrender. Las Meninas. A glorious assault had ended in a miserable game of hide and seek played by frightened men. Though he did not take the city, Franco ordered an increase in its bombing by aircraft from the Nationalists air force. On 5 March, Casado's men arrested communist officers in Madrid, stripped them of their powers, deposed Negrn and established the National Defence Council (Consejo Nacional de Defensa) to negotiate a peace deal with Franco. Santillana to Oviedo. The choice was never really in doubt: with only one abstention among the generals, Franco was elected Commander-in-Chief (Generalsimo) of the Nationalist armed forces. Introduction. Charles Vs Palace in the Alhambra. In July, a bloody, three week offensive against the Nationalist held village ofBrunete, 15 miles west of Madrid proved costly in men and material. Among them. Battles For Spain. Overview. Golden Age Architecture. The fighting for Madrid also saw the beginning of the organization of a Popular Army for the Republic, based mostly around the communist Fifth Regiment, to replace the militia system. Second Spanish Republic. We'll start the tour by the Monumento a los Cados del Cuartel de la Montaa, in the centre of Madrid and from this central point explore the places that served as a backdrop for the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): the conflict that marked the Spanish 20th century. Arguably, that tactic by Franco was counter-productive, as the Republican population in Madrid was not cowed into surrender, and the aerial bombardment of civilians, one of the first in the history of warfare, was heavily criticised by foreign journalists such as Ernest Hemingway. Mars. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons . It was a grim period for the Republicans whose lack of success on the front for more than a year was beginning to create a defeatist mentality in many. On the outbreak of the war Madrid was under the control of the Popular Front government. The rest of the world now recognises it as the first case of. Madrid by Mikhail Koltsov (1936) . Innovations and Originality. Tour Includes Military Reform June 1931-November 1933. Romances of Chivalry. International Relations. Spain. German bombers pounded the rest of the city from 19 to 23 November. So, before heading north, the Nationalists (the term was first coined on August 7 as part of the insurgents patriotic propaganda) first had to secure western Andalusia, a task that was completed by a thorough village-by-village cleansing of rural opposition. Asturias. The latter figure based on information provided by the Basque government of the time was long accepted but the former approximate number is now more widely recognised. Christ on the Cross. Starting as what was seen as a purely internal affair, the conflict soon became used by some countries as a dress rehearsal for the Second World War. The battle petered out in December, with both sides exhausted. Own work photo. By some good fortune or astute spying, the Republicans obtained information of Francos plans and quickly organised a pre-emptive, diversionary strike on the Nationalist-held, provincial capital ofTeruelin the southern tip of Aragn. The rest of the world now recognises it as the first case ofblitzkrieg, the tactic that was to terrify civilians in the Second World War, 1939-45. Camino de Santiago. In July, a bloody, three week offensive against the Nationalist held village of. After lunch in the rebuilt town of Brunete return to the airport for our early evening flight home. It is estimated that there were around 15,000 casualties on both sides and the city itself with its civilian population was subjected to aerial and artillery bombardment. The legitimate Republican government was betrayed and attacked by a group of fascist officers in the Armed Forces and the fight for control of the capital resulted in a war lasting almost 3 years. 15th Century. Day 17 Sos and Leyre Monastery, Travel 2013 Day 18. Architecture with Poetry and Arabesque. The massacre at Badajoz is still one of the most controversial and most sensitive events of the Spanish Civil War. On 29 October, a Republican counterattack by the 5th (communist) regiment under Enrique Lster was beaten off at Parla. General Miguel Primo de Rivera: The Fall of a Dictator. Spanish Ballad: En Burgos est el buen rey. Three theories What gave the Republican leadership hope in the summer and fall of 1938 were the actions of Adolf Hitler. The Nationalists approached Madrid from the southwest. It was a morale sapping experience for both sides, but the air and artillery superiority of the rebels eventually won out. Recommended Reading List Mara. Velzquez: From Seville to Madrid (The Court) 1623-31. Madrid withstood continual bombing and artillery bombardment until it eventually fell to nationalist forces in March 1939. The first major battle of the Spanish Civil War, the Battle of Badajoz is well-known because of the repression that came after the victory of the Nationalist troops. Nov 1933-Feb 1936. The churchs support, in turn, gave legitimacy to the Nationalists from the beginning and provided ideological cohesion to the war. However, Republican success was short lived as Nationalist forces launched a massive counterattack. The siege of Madrid was a two-and-a-half-year siege of the Republican -controlled Spanish capital city of Madrid by the Nationalist armies, under General Francisco Franco, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). What followed became known as the massacre of Badajoz. Under the direct command of one of Francos most callous commanders, Lieutenant-Colonel Juan Yage Blanco, almost 2,000 civilians were herded into the towns bullring and slaughtered. Arab Moorish Influence on Agriculture in Al-Andalus. Don Quixote. Some supporters of the Republic still believe that a victory of the left in Spain would have defeated fascism and saved Europe from the horrors to come. It was but a short step from absolute authority to dictatorship, and the provisional title of Head of State, Caudillo, was one that Franco was to enjoy for the rest of his life, by the grace of God.. The House of Bernarda Alba. Visigoths and Unity: Monarchy. By the time the battle started in earnest in July members of the International Brigade had arrived in the capital city to support its defenders. Characters: Bernardas Daughters. Al-Andalus: 10th Century. No other way: Jack Russia and the Spanish civil war - a biography by Richard Felstead (1981) - Shelfmark: JS26. Catalonia in the 14th Century. Christ in the House of Martha and Mary. , In July 1938 as Nationalist forces approached Valencia a huge concentration of some 80.000 to 100.000 men using small boats and pontoon bridges crossed a bend in the lower. Generation of 1898. Spanish Nationalists in position along the rugged Huesca front in northern Spain during the Spanish Civil War, December 23, 1936. By September 3, 1936,the insurgents had crossed the River Tagus and taken the town of Talavera de la Reina, just over 100 kilometres (60 miles) south west of Madrid. Carr, RaymondThe Spanish Tragedy: The Civil War in PerspectiveLondon 1993 (first pub. Second Spanish Republic 1931-36. Franco decided to make do with the control of about 75% of University City.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'historylearningsite_co_uk-leader-1','ezslot_5',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-leader-1-0'); It was a pattern repeated until the end of the Spanish Civil War. All images are from Wikimedia Commons. The light shone through the shell holes in the walls, from the windows the shattered sun blinds hung drunkenly awry, a wrecked car sprawled on the drive, and there were great holes in the ground full of water. The battle for control of University City took ten days but none of the fighting was decisive and on November 23rd Franco decided that his force had suffered enough casualties and that the university complex would need twice as many Nationalist soldiers to succeed and these were numbers he could not afford.
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