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And that function get_openapi() receives as parameters: title: The OpenAPI title, shown in the docs. The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with two available scopes, me and items. FastAPI API . The scopes parameter receives a dict with each scope as a key and the description as the value: Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize. Recap. ; Automatic data model documentation with JSON Schema (as OpenAPI itself is based on JSON Schema). ; You can disable it by setting docs_url=None. And we return the scopes as part of the JWT token. The path operation itself also declares a scope, "items", so this will also be in the list of security_scopes.scopes passed to get_current_user. By default, FastAPI will create a server in the OpenAPI schema with the URL for the root_path. But FastAPI will handle it, give you the correct data in your function, and validate and document the correct schema in the path operation.. You can also declare singular values to be received as part of the body. Technical Details. FastAPI will create the object of type BackgroundTasks for you and pass it as that parameter.. But clients don't necessarily need to send request bodies all the time. Uvicorn) listens on http://127.0.0.1:8000 the proxy (without a stripped path prefix) would access Uvicorn at the same path: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app. And when you open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, you will see an automatic, interactive, API documentation like: Again, just with that same Python type declaration, FastAPI gives you automatic, interactive documentation (integrating Swagger UI). a dict) with values and sub-values that are all compatible with JSON. But you can also provide other alternative servers, for example if you want the same docs UI to interact with a staging and production environments.. Instead of, for example, a dict, or something else, as it could break the application at some point later, making it a security risk. FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production. These functions are there (instead of just using the classes directly) so that your editor doesn't This file configures Traefik to use the path prefix /api/v1. Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code. Editor support: error checks, autocompletion, etc. Return a Response Directly. You can compare it with the enumeration member in your created enum ModelName: You can get the actual value (a str in this case) using model_name.value, or in general, your_enum_member.value: You could also access the value "lenet" with ModelName.lenet.value. Conditional OpenAPI Extending OpenAPI OpenAPI Callbacks Including WSGI - Flask, Django, others Generate Clients Concurrency and async / await Deployment Deployment Deployment - Intro About FastAPI versions About HTTPS Run a Server Manually - Uvicorn Each section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs. You could easily add any of those alternatives to your application built with FastAPI. But FastAPI will handle it, give you the correct data in your function, and validate and document the correct schema in the path operation.. You can also declare singular values to be received as part of the body. the query parameters are: skip: with a value of 0; limit: with a value of 10; As they are part of the URL, they are "naturally" strings. So, the URL for that file would be something like: /files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt. That's what would happen to a third party application that tried to access one of these path operations with a token provided by a user, depending on how many permissions the user gave the application. A Request has a request.scope attribute, that's just a Python dict containing the metadata related to the request.. A Request also has a request.receive, that's a function to "receive" the body of the request.. You can declare path "parameters" or "variables" with the same syntax used by Python format strings: The value of the path parameter item_id will be passed to your function as the argument item_id. In the docs UI at http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/docs it would look like: The docs UI will interact with the server that you select. The "official" way to access the app would be through the proxy with the path prefix that we defined. When creating path operations, you can find situations where you have a fixed path. Security is actually a subclass of Depends, and it has just one extra parameter that we'll see later. What is OpenAPI for The OpenAPI schema is what powers the two interactive documentation systems included. ; Automatic data model documentation with JSON Schema (as OpenAPI itself is based on JSON Schema). If you don't select any scope, you will be "authenticated", but when you try to access /users/me/ or /users/me/items/ you will get an error saying that you don't have enough permissions. It's designed so that you can build a complete application with just the Tutorial - User Guide, and then extend it in different ways, depending on your needs, using some of the additional ideas from the Advanced User Guide. There is also an Advanced User Guide that you can read later after this Tutorial - User guide.. And because the generated schema is from the OpenAPI standard, there are many compatible tools. By default, what the method .openapi() does is check the property .openapi_schema to see if it has contents and return them. To achieve this, you can use the command line option --root-path like: If you use Hypercorn, it also has the option --root-path. This is the one used by the dependencies above. You can use the same type declarations with str, float, bool and many other complex data types. As the get_current_active_user dependency has as a sub-dependency on get_current_user, the scope "me" declared at get_current_active_user will be included in the list of required scopes in the security_scopes.scopes passed to get_current_user. Recap. UploadFile UploadFile . It can be an async def or normal def function, FastAPI will know how to handle it correctly.. This tutorial shows you how to use FastAPI with most of its features, step by step. Because of this, FastAPI itself provides an alternative API documentation (using ReDoc), which you can access at http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc: The same way, there are many compatible tools. You can add multiple body parameters to your path operation function, even though a request can only have a single body.. FastAPI fastapi.security . But you can also provide other alternative servers, for example if you want the same docs UI to interact with a staging and production environments. The root_path is used to handle these specific cases. And you will be able to select which scopes you want to give access to: me and items. This tells Traefik to listen on port 9999 and to use another file routes.toml. The result of calling it is something that can be encoded with the Python standard json.dumps().. It doesn't matter if it has other characters like : or if it is a URL. They will be checked independently for each path operation. You could easily add any of those alternatives to your application built with FastAPI. If you have a path operation that receives a path parameter, but you want the possible valid path parameter values to be predefined, you can use a standard Python Enum.. And then we validate that data with the Pydantic model (catching the ValidationError exception), and if we get an error reading the JWT token or validating the data with Pydantic, we raise the HTTPException we created before. Then create a path parameter with a type annotation using the enum class you created (ModelName): Because the available values for the path parameter are predefined, the interactive docs can show them nicely: The value of the path parameter will be an enumeration member. All depending on the scopes declared in each path operation and each dependency in the dependency tree for that specific path operation. -. Several of these are explored in the next chapters of the tutorial. Create a function to be run as the background task. Deployment - Intro. Technical Details. To async or not to async. Dependencies in path operation decorators, OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens, Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others, Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons. FastAPI works with any database and any style of library to talk to the database.. A common pattern is to use an "ORM": an "object-relational mapping" library. ; You can disable it by setting docs_url=None. Generate Clients. The Advanced User Guide, builds on this, uses the same concepts, and teaches you some extra features.. So, you import Query, which is a function.And when you call it, it returns an instance of a class also named Query.. When you add an example inside of a Pydantic model, using schema_extra or Field(example="something") that example is added to the JSON Schema for that Pydantic model.. And that JSON Schema of the Pydantic model is included in the OpenAPI of your API, and then it's used in the docs UI.. JSON Schema doesn't really have a field example in the standards. FastAPI will internally use the root_path smartly, so it will just work. This is a more or less advanced section. You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want. Because this dependency function doesn't have any scope requirements itself, we can use Depends with oauth2_scheme, we don't have to use Security when we don't need to specify security scopes. You can configure the two documentation user interfaces included: Swagger UI: served at /docs.. You can set its URL with the parameter docs_url. It will always have the security scopes declared in the current Security dependencies and all the dependants for that specific path operation and that specific dependency tree. But in the end, they are implementing the same OAuth2 standard. ; You can disable it by setting docs_url=None. It doesn't return a large str containing the data in JSON format (as a string). Now using OAuth2 scopes: Now let's review those changes step by step. There is also an Advanced User Guide that you can read later after this Tutorial - User guide. But when you declare them with Python types (in the example above, as int), they are converted to that type and validated against it.. All the same process that applied for path parameters also applies for query parameters: And you know you are in good hands. You can check it at http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs: But if we access the docs UI at the "official" URL using the proxy with port 9999, at /api/v1/docs, it works correctly! http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery, Execute API . Then, behind the scenes, it would put that JSON-compatible data (e.g. In this example, it would convert the Pydantic model to a dict, and the datetime to a str.. Deployment - Intro. With FastAPI, by using short, intuitive and standard Python type declarations, you get: That's probably the main visible advantage of FastAPI compared to alternative frameworks (apart from the raw performance). It can be an async def or normal def function, FastAPI will know how to handle it correctly.. FastAPI . In this example, it would convert the Pydantic model to a dict, and the datetime to a str.. Here's how the hierarchy of dependencies and scopes looks like: The important and "magic" thing here is that get_current_user will have a different list of scopes to check for each path operation. Dependencies in path operation decorators, OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens, Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others, Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons, INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit), INFO: Started reloader process [28720], INFO: Started server process [28722]. If you open the API docs, you can authenticate and specify which scopes you want to authorize. UploadFile The first one will always be used since the path matches first. Notice that the error also clearly states exactly the point where the validation didn't pass. Create an Enum class. We are still using the same OAuth2PasswordRequestForm. , Dependencies in path operation decorators, OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens, Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others, About proxies with a stripped path prefix, Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons, INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit), [http.middlewares.api-stripprefix.stripPrefix], [[http.services.app.loadBalancer.servers]], INFO[0000] Configuration loaded from file: /home/user/awesomeapi/traefik.toml. FastAPI gives you the following:. This SecurityScopes class is similar to Request (Request was used to get the request object directly). FastAPI API web Python 3.6+ Python , NodeJS Go Starlette Pydantic Python web , [] FastAPI[] Windows Office , FastAPI REST [ Ludwig], Netflix Dispatch[ FastAPI ], Hug - , REST API FastAPI [] [], API FastAPI [] [], web API Typer, Typer FastAPI FastAPI , ASGI Uvicorn Hypercorn, "In a hurry?" This would allow you to have a more fine-grained permission system, following the OAuth2 standard, integrated into your OpenAPI application (and the API docs). FastAPI API . If you have a path operation that receives a path parameter, but you want the possible valid path parameter values to be predefined, you can use a standard Python Enum.. Request Body. Probably in many cases the default will be that the proxy doesn't have a stripped path prefix. It will have a property scopes with a list containing all the scopes required by itself and all the dependencies that use this as a sub-dependency. As FastAPI is actually Starlette underneath, with a layer of several tools on top, you can use Starlette's Request object directly when you need to. . In this example we are using the OAuth2 "password" flow. FastAPI will create the object of type BackgroundTasks for you and pass it as that parameter.. Having a proxy with a stripped path prefix, in this case, means that you could declare a path at /app in your code, but then, you add a layer on top (the proxy) that would put your FastAPI application under a path like /api/v1. . All the code blocks can be copied and used directly (they are actually tested Python files). Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer. A response body is the data your API sends to the client.. Recent Now let's build from the previous chapter and add the missing parts to have a complete security flow. Nevertheless, you can still do it in FastAPI, using one of the internal tools from Starlette. So, with the same Python type declaration, FastAPI gives you data validation. Your API almost always has to send a response body. By default when OpenAPI-GUI starts, it loads the OpenAPI Petstore sample. As it is inside a Python package (a directory with a file __init__.py), it is a "module" of that package: app.main. OAuth2 with scopes is the mechanism used by many big authentication providers, like Facebook, Google, GitHub, Microsoft, Twitter, etc. OpenAPI for API creation, including declarations of path operations, parameters, body requests, security, etc. ; It contains an app/main.py file. When you create a FastAPI path operation you can normally return any data from it: a dict, a list, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.. By default, FastAPI would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the jsonable_encoder explained in JSON Compatible Encoder. But you can also provide other alternative servers, for example if you want the same docs UI to interact with a staging and production environments.. UploadFile As FastAPI is actually Starlette underneath, with a layer of several tools on top, you can use Starlette's Request object directly when you need to. You could need the parameter to contain /home/johndoe/myfile.txt, with a leading slash (/). . ; It contains an app/main.py file. And the server would be something like Uvicorn, running your FastAPI application. Based on open standards. Notice that in this case we are using a standard Python open() function that interacts with a file. Get the username and password. Features FastAPI features. To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event "shutdown": Here, the shutdown event handler function will write a text line "Application shutdown" to a file log.txt. We are doing it here to demonstrate how FastAPI handles scopes declared at different levels. Create a task function. A Request has a request.scope attribute, that's just a Python dict containing the metadata related to the request.. A Request also has a request.receive, that's a function to "receive" the body of the request.. If you need to mount a sub-application (as described in Sub Applications - Mounts) while also using a proxy with root_path, you can do it normally, as you would expect. There is also an Advanced User Guide that you can read later after this Tutorial - User guide.. And you can instruct FastAPI to Now update the dependency get_current_user. bytesFastAPI bytes . The Advanced User Guide, builds on this, uses the same concepts, and teaches you some extra features.. In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using scope_str). ; Designed around these standards, after a meticulous study. And it's also used internally when mounting sub-applications. If you pass a custom list of servers and there's a root_path (because your API lives behind a proxy), FastAPI will insert a "server" with This will give you editor support inside of your function, with error checks, completion, etc. A response body is the data your API sends to the client.. -. OAuth2 scopes. The ASGI specification defines a root_path for this use case. a And it has an empty file app/__init__.py, so it is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules"): app. When you add an example inside of a Pydantic model, using schema_extra or Field(example="something") that example is added to the JSON Schema for that Pydantic model.. And that JSON Schema of the Pydantic model is included in the OpenAPI of your API, and then it's used in the docs UI.. JSON Schema doesn't really have a field example in the standards. If you want to disable the OpenAPI schema completely you can set openapi_url=None, that will also disable the documentation user interfaces that use it.. Docs URLs. Including code generation tools for many languages. To async or not to async. But if you go to the browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, you will see a nice HTTP error of: because the path parameter item_id had a value of "foo", which is not an int. As it is inside a Python package (a directory with a file __init__.py), it is a "module" of that package: app.main. And it has an empty file app/__init__.py, so it is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules"): app. And it has an empty file app/__init__.py, so it is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules"): app. Here we are including it in the message just for demonstration purposes. The same way you can define a list of Depends in the decorator's dependencies parameter (as explained in Dependencies in path operation decorators), you could also use Security with scopes there. This is appropriate when we are logging in to our own application, probably with our own frontend. So, you import Query, which is a function.And when you call it, it returns an instance of a class also named Query.. 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