This is comparatively more efficient than an induction motor, Its stator winding is energized from an AC Source, Its field winding is energized from a DC source and Armature winding is energized by AC Source. In a synchronous electric motor, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current. Here we will explain the difference between induction motor and synchronous motor with the help of certain major factors such as the type of excitation used for their operation, the speed of the . The stator contains slots for a uniformly distributed field winding in an induction motor while the rotor carries the armature winding. What is a synchronous capacitor? The rotor will rotate only at one speed in the synchronous generator unlike the induction motors. Connected Supply. In the supply system of the induction motor, stator winding is linked by an AC source. the field points from outside in. We will see why in a bit. When DC supply is given to the rotor it acts as an electromagnet. Only an AC source is required to operate, it doesnt require DC excitation. Think of a steam or wind turbine, where the blades are attached to a rotating shaft. The difference between them begins with the way the magnetic field of the rotor interacts with the stator. 4 - Type of Torque in the Synchronous Motor. AC motor is further divided into 2 types -synchronous motor and induction motor. Figure 4: Squirrel Cage (part of the rotor) in an Induction Motor. Induction generator is a motor that uses electromagnetic induction between the rotors to induce current in the rotor to achieve electromechanical energy conversion. Induction machines, also called asynchronous machines are slightly lagging behind the synchronous speed. It is more efficient than an induction motor of the same output and voltage rating. The first generator was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831. The rotor is not given any supply. What are slip and slip speed in an induction motor? . An induction motor operates only at a lagging power factor. Thumb shows the direction of the current and the fingers indicate the direction of the magnetic field. This is called slip. The power factor of a synchronous motor can be adjusted to lagging, unity or leading by varying the excitation, whereas, an induction motor always runs at lagging power factor. . It is basically the same as induction motor. Runs lower than synchronous speed. A synchronous motor can run . An induction generator produces electrical power when its rotor is turned faster than the synchronous speed. The 2-pole DC electromagnet in the diagram has a fixed N and S poles and they lock with the rotating N & S poles of the 3-phase magnetic field. Synchronous machine are similar to Induction machines. Practically it is not possible for stator poles to pull the rotor poles from their stationary position into magnetic locking conditions. Figure 5: Flemings Right Hand Rule. difference between slip rings and commutatorrose center for earth and space | difference between slip rings and commutatorrose center for earth and space | difference between slip rings and commutator Synchronous motors are mostly used in large generators, while induction motors are almost used as the motors to drive machines. This is because the rotor, thus, these slip rings spin, and the only way to feed electricity in them is via brushes. The Lorentz Force will be symbolised by an arrow that come out from your palm. The slip will be negative and the current will be generated in the opposite direction, meaning, electrons will flow back in the supply. An AC generator that has working occurrences alike to the. The hand help us determine the flow of current based on the moving magnetic fields direction (where the arrows point) and motion (which way does it move). 1. Rao Kattoju, Thank you very much, Veerabhadra for your kind words. It is the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator part of the induction motor. These are AC motor (Synchronous & Induction motor) and DC motor (Series, shunt & compound motor). S = (Ns-N) / Ns. (especially three-phase induction motor). . At high loads, the power factor of the induction motor becomes very poor. It can be constructed with wider air gaps than induction motors which makes it better mechanically. Thank you for explaining the differences between Induction motors & Synchronous motors in simple terms. Field or flux having constant amplitude but whose axis continuously rotating in a plane with a certain speed, so if the arrangement is made to rotate a permanent magnet, then the resulting field is a rotating magnetic field. The rotating field in the static share of the motor will cause flux alteration in the rotor which reasons it to move, with a speed fewer than the synchronous speed. Now we discuss these two main parts and some sub-parts of induction motor with the details. As mentioned before, in the case of a generator, the rotor needs to be turned with half the speed to generate the same frequency as in the 2-pole rotor setup. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); @ 2022 DipsLab.com. Thumb shows the direction of the current and the fingers indicate the direction of the magnetic field. So, these machines can either be generators or act as motors. Similarly, it also consists of two main parts- the stator and rotor. Yet the change of magnetic field (synchronous speed) would still be 50 times/s. Motoris a device that used to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. In power stations, generators are used to generate electricity. The induction generator has numerous limits. The stator generates a rotational magnetic field upon supply alternating current. The construction of the synchronous motor is very difficult. Synchronous motor. It can be constructed with wider air gaps than induction motors which makes it better mechanically. where N is speed of the rotor in rpm and P is number of poles. It cant be used as a synchronous condenser. What are the types of Synchronous motors? I work and write technical tutorials on the PLC, MATLAB programming, and Electrical on DipsLab.com portal. V Curve of a Synchronous Motor. Relative motion is required between stator and rotor, Relative motion is not required between stator and rotor, The induction motor always runs below the synchronous speed Ns=120f/p. Excellent. Synchronous motors can be classified into two types based on how the rotor is magnetized. What is the obvious physical difference between the induction and synchronous motors? They are the synchronous AC motor and induction AC motor. Now, lets attach this shaft to a turbine that will generate a rotation faster than the synchronous speed. (It is not self-starting). For North poles. An induction motor operates only at a lagging power factor. Synchronous motors can achieve efficiencies of >90% in some cases and are generally more energy-efficient than induction motors. From the structural level, the structure of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is more complicated than that of the AC asynchronous motor, and the cost output is higher. Induction motor. In this post, we will discuss the detailed difference between the induction motor and induction generator. It can be used as a synchronous condenser for power factor improvement. Note: Induction motor is called the Asynchronous Motor. The rotor speed of the induction motor is continually less than the synchronous speed, so the motor continually runs at a speed fewer than the synchronous speed. Since it is hard to lock for the DC electromagnet onto the fast spinning stator field, a squirrel cage is used to give an initial rotation for the rotor. If we look at the rotor from one particular angle, lets say from the top, by one full 360 rotation this way we have a change between N&S happening 4x. A more-specific explanation of how . Requires DC excitation supplied from external sources. For synchronous motor, its power factor can be flexibly adjusted by excitation. MV = High Efficiency +1~2%. This means for example the North pole of the electromagnet will attract the South pole of the rotating magnetic field. Ohms Law Statement | Formula, Limitations and Applications, The Beginners Guide to Voltage | Potential Difference | EMF. Advantages: An asynchronous generator is an AC . The colours indicate each phase, The. The dc generators also work on the same principle. To come across this issue, we use the Star-Delta Starter method. So, both synchronous and induction machines can be used as generators or motors. A three phase induction motor is a device in which the rotor rotates at speed slightly less than the synchronous speed. Direct Current (DC) Excited Synchronous Motors. Its efficiency is lesser than that of the synchronous motor of the same output and the voltage rating. North South North -South. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Synchronous Motor Is A Doubly Excited Machine, Whose Armature Winding Is Energised From AC Source And Its Field Winding Is Energised From DC Source. 2) Reference to this standard, that is, Indian standard/European standard. In case of a simple synchronous generator, the rotation of the prime mover is in synch with the synchronous speed (magnetic field). The motor cant use in such applications where high starting torque is necessary. The stator is the stationary part of the machine. It has unity or lagging or leading power factor. A synchronous generator is an induction generator that is used to generate electricity by induction. Now we have a rotating magnetic field in the stator, which is around the squirrel cage. Synchronous Motor vs Induction Motor - Difference Between Induction Motor and Synchronous Motor.#Induction_Motor #Synchronous_Motor #Learning_Engineering#kon. Different structure settings. A synchronous motor is costlier than an induction motor of the same output and voltage rating. This article presents top 10 differences between induction and synchronous motors. Figure 7: Star and Delta connection of a 3-phase motor. Since it does not have exterior excitation circuitry and it cannot produce reactive energy (Q). A three-phase synchronous motor is a doubly excited machine, whereas an induction motor is a single excited machine. We further classify it into three types; they are the induction motor, synchronous motor, the linear motor. The efficiency depends on the specific motor type and size, but the lack of slip in synchronous . Real power is being supplied by prime mover input and reactive power is absorbed from the system. What are the differences between the Induction motor and the Synchronous motor? When an Induction Motor is connected to 3-phase power, the magnetic field starts to rotate instantaneously. The second key part induction motor is the rotor, it is the revolving share of the induction motor. Note, we have AC in the conductor meaning the current, thus, the magnetic field too will change directions 50 times a second: Figure 3: The image shows a single phase isolated in the stator of a 3-phase motor. The magnet needs power. It consists of copper or aluminum bars embedded in the semi-closed slots resembling a squirrel cage. It is a non-self starting motor. Excitation of Induction Motor. No hay productos en el carrito. We came up with the basic definitions of what are induction and synchronous generators . Key Differences Between Motor and Generator. An Induction Motor is also known as Asynchronous Motor. Think about it, this way the rotor doesnt need to rotate crazy fast. The induction motor works on the principle of 'Electromagnetic Induction'. The squirrel cage Induction Motor makes an excellent generator when it is driven above its synchronous speed. aspen school district calendar difference between slip rings and commutator. This is the Right Hand Rule. - Synchronous motor required DC excitation to its rotor. The current will induce a magnetic field around the wire based on the Right Hand Rule mentioned above. What are various Pressure calibrators and how to, Errors Involved in Pressure Gauge Measurement, What are the types of industrial sensors used, Instrumentation Interview Question And Answers, Industrial Automation Interview Questions And Answers, Electrical Interview Questions And Answers. It is essentially a coil where you start rolling up a wire at one end and finish it up the other. When they approach synchronous speed, the slots enable the synchronous magnetic field to lock onto the rotor. The fields direction always points from North to South. the field points from outside in. The construction of the induction motor is relatively easy. Also, here is a good video that explains more about a Star & Delta starter. Also, Read: . Speed. When there is a relative motion between the conductors and the flux, emf gets induced in the conductors. 1. For Induction motor, relative motion is required in between the stator and rotor. The trick is to disconnect the slip rings initially while the cage is in action, next, once the rotor is spinning, we connect them back and the fields will lock. Their purpose is to change rotational energy to electrical energy and vice-versa. Can induction motor produce electricity? Induction motor runs at the non-synchronous speed. On the left we see the most simplistic scenario: 2-pole rotor and a 3-pole stator. What information is learned in a locked-rotor test? Based on the source nature, the electric motor is of two types. The current-carrying windings produce the magnetic field or flux, three sets of flux produced due to power supply, resultant flux has a constant magnitude and its axis rotating in space without physically rotating the windings. Application: 1. For AC machines, the basic requirement is to create a rotational magnetic field so that the rotor can rotate, and energy can be obtained. Electricity is employed in the motor, but the generator creates the electricity. 5. In these articles, we tried to provide all the necessary information regarding the difference between an Induction Generator vs. Synchronous Generator. The electricity is supplied from brushes to the slip rings. We have them in the kitchen, fans or even air conditioning systems. It has to be run up to synchronous speed by any means before it can be synchronized to AC supply. Types: DC motor and AC motor. The magnetic field can be easily drawn using the, A coil with current in it will have a North and a South magnetic pole. This motoris cheaper than the synchronous motor. The Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that if a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field an Electromotive Force will be induced. But the induced current itself in each bar will have its own magnetic field that will repel the stators field, thus, creating a force. Synchronous Motor always runs at synchronous speed, and the speed of the motor is independent of load, but an induction motor always runs less than the synchronous speed. This makes the currents flow in different directions. A synchronous motor can be operated with lagging and leading power by changing its excitation. These were the main motor and generator differences that can be asked in the exams. post-graduate in Electronics & communication. The motor will operate in DC and AC power supply. Which motor is used in the washing machine? This is happening in all 3 phases. The armature winding of the synchronous motor is energized from an AC source and its field winding from a DC source. 3. Note, it is heading in a different direction inside the cage than outside (blue arrows). The induction motor works on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction. Current, which is the flow of holes or in other words the absence of electrons, flow in the opposite direction. Because their rotors never run with the synchronous speed. We need something that initially gives a kick for the rotor to start rotating so it can lock onto the 3-phase field. The Synchronous Motor can be used for power factor correction in addition to the supplying torque to drive mechanical loads whereas an induction motor is used for driving mechanical loads only. 2. By contrast, the induction motor requires slip: the rotor must rotate slightly slower than the AC alternations in order to induce current in the . The asynchronous nature of induction-motor operation comes from the slip between the rotational speed of the stator field and somewhat slower speed of the rotor. Use the Right Hand Rule to see the magnetic field. Difference between synchronous generator and induction generator. For Synchronous motor, relative motion is not required in between the stator and rotor. Because initially the cage is static and all a particular bar sees is a constantly changing North & South poles (from the rotor). The induction motor consists of a stator and a rotor. Through this platform, I am also sharing my professional and technical knowledge to engineering students. for the rotor rotating). The synchronous motor is made self-starting byproviding a special winding on the rotor poles, known as damper winding or squirrel-cage winding. Normally, for a solenoid (coil) one end is N and the other S with 180 between them. And sometimes I delve in Python programming. What is a soft starter? It can be used for power factor correction in addition to supplying torque to drive mechanical loads. 16) The altitude of the place in which the motor is intended to work if it exceeds 1000m. It has to be run up to synchronous speed by any means before it can be synchronized to AC supply. Lorentz Force Right Hand Rule. Construction of a 3-phase induction motor. A cross-section of the Induction motor is shown below, An Induction Motor basically consists of two parts. Hope this will help you for the preparation of the exam or interview. The synchronous speed of a stator rotating magnetic field depends on the supply frequency and the number of poles for which stator winding is wound. Dont forget, this is one wire. Your email address will not be published. The idea behind electricity generation is that a form of rotational (kinetic) energy is converted into electricity. These two AC motors are-. How to make the single-phase Induction motor self-starting? But hey, once the rotor slows down, the magnetic field seems to rotate again and we start the whole process from the beginning. These are AC generator (Synchronous & Induction generator) and DC generator (Separately excited & self-excited). As the current alternates, so does the direction of the magnetic field and poles. Synchronous speed be contingent on the number of poles of motor and frequency of input voltages. This leads to the rotor to slow down. There are various types of motors available as classified below. The cage will start to rotate due to the Lorentz Force. A Synchronous Motor operated backwards work as a generator. . "f" is the frequency of the output of the generator. Construction of Induction Motor is relatively easy. The rotor is still. The difference between the excitation of the induction motor and the synchronous motor is that the induction motor is a singly excited machine. means it is going in the page, whereas the dot means coming out. In a generator, on the other hand, the armature or windings of wire spin inside a fixed magnetic field to generate electricity. The ac voltage is . Hold out your hand. Can a 3phase motor be run on a single-phase line? As the N & S poles rotate, so will the current change direction in each bar. Based on the number of rotor poles we can distinguish between: . Fundamentals: (1) When a three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to a three-phase AC power supply, a three-phase magnetomotive force (stator rotational magnetomotive force) generated by a three-phase stator . An induction motor works in the principle of electromagnetic induction, EMF (Electromotive force) is a phenomenon that is induced across the electrical conductor when it is placed in a rotating magnetic field. The first electric motor was a simple electrostatic device by Scottish monk Andrew grandson and benjamin franklin in the 1740s. This field induces a current in the bars. The Lorentz Force will be symbolised by an arrow that come out from your palm. What we have is a coil. If done so, the rotor poles get magnetically coupled with the rotating stator poles, and thus the rotor starts rotating at the synchronous speed. Fan, blowing fan, a dryer is an example of the synchronous motor. Your email address will not be published. This sounds easy, but when the motor is initially started, the magnetic field changes very fast around the DC electro-magnet, so it attracts and next repels. Figure 11: Differences between a 3-pole and a 6-pole stator winding. As load increases, load angle increases keeping speed constant at synchronous, The induction motor is a single exciting machine, Synchronous motor is Double exciting machine, Speed control is possible through difficult. Alternating Current is fed into the winding. When Three-phase voltages are applied to electric conductors which are placed in a certain geometrical position which are specially arranged (At certain angles from one another), a rotating magnetic field produces. The motor is cheap, especially cage rotors and maintenance-free. It works on the principle ofmagnetic locking. There are 2 key kinds of induction motor rendering to the structure of the rotor of the motor, first single is the squirrel cage motor since its rotor construction is similar the squirrel and 2. This RMF rotates with synchronous speed. There are two chief parts the induction motors first one is the stator which is the stationary portion of the induction motor and supply voltages are provided at those parts. ; It has a solid armature, or squirrel cage, that is an electrical short circuit.When the current is connected, the machine will start turning like a motor at a speed that is just slightly below the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field from the stator. If the load increased the speed of the induction motor decreases. All Right Reserved. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor is mainly . This means the rotating magnetic field will be super fast compared to the stationary cage and will generate a huge initial current. So, the wire goes from outside-in, and on the opposite side inside-out. Application: Used in pumps, compressors, paper mills, textile mills, lathes, Drilling machines industrial drives. In a synchronous generator, the waveform of generated voltage is synchronized with (directly corresponds to) the rotor speed. Schematics and operation of different types of motor. Construction of Synchronous Motor is Difficult. But this all depends on the existence of magnetic locking between stator and rotor poles. What if we used the same wire and wrap it around 4 poles instead? The synchronous motor requires the DC excitation system (or prime mover) to start the motor (i.e. Both Induction and Synchronous motors are widely used in electrical industry. If the load increased the speed of the induction motor decreases. These are very important topics in electrical engineering. . Both of these devices are working on the principle of Faraday law of electromagnetic induction. 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